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02. Imizi ya Shari’a muri Korowani

7 - IGIHANO GIKOMEYE CA ISLAMU

Imyihwezo y’imizi ya Korowani kw’itegeko ry’ubugizi bwa nabi ry’aba Islamu n’uko rikoreshwa n’incambwenge z’abanyamategeko b’aba Islamu

Nta tegeko na rimwe rishobora gukora ritari kumwe n’ibihano ruhasha. Mbega kubwa Shari’a, n’ubuhe bugizi bwa nabi buhanwa ? Ni iyihe mirongo ya Korowani ari iy’urufatiro kubw’ibihano vyateguriwe ubwo bugizi bwa nabi ? Ni gute ivyo vyateguwe bikoreshwa n’incabwenge z’abanyamategeko b’aba Islamu ba none ? Mbega ivyo vyose bitandukanye gute n’inyigisho za Kristo ? Ronka inyishu mu gusoma ak’agatabu.



7.01 -- IGIHANO GIKOMEYE CA ISLAMU

Imyihwezo y’imizi ya Korowani kw’itegeko ry’ubugizi bwa nabi ry’aba Islamu n’uko rikoreshwa n’incambwenge z’abanyamategeko b’aba Islamu

Korowani ifise imirongo 37 ivuga ibihano vy’akarorero kugira bahungabanye umutekano, kugira basahure, bice, bakomeretse imibiri, bibe, basambane, bafate abantu ku nguvu ndetse no kwiyumvamwo ubusambanyi. Icavuye muri iyo mirongo hisunzwe ubuzima bwa Muhamedi (Sunna), amashure atanu y’abanyamategeko yatejeje imbere impinyanyuro y’amategeko y’ubugizi bwa nabi mu mwaka w’imbere yo hagati.

Abanyamategeko b’aba Islamu bahaye agaciro gatandukanye ubugizi bwa nabi kurusha uko bikorwa i Burayi. Ukurenga ibigo n’ubusambanyi bifatwa nk’ububi burenze kurusha kwica no kwiba. Gukomeretsa no gusesa amaraso kubw’amahera bivugwa mu buryo bwagutse kurusha kwica no kuva muri Islamu. Uwo wese yipfuza gutembera mu bihuga vy’aba Islamu ategerezwa mbere ya vyose “kubimenya neza” akamenya n’uko aba Islamu batahura amategeko iyo adashaka kwimaramaza canke ngo abe asanzwe ayazi.

Islamu ntiyitahura nk’idini ry’ubuntu, urukundo n’ugutanga ariko ishingiye kw’itegeko rya Shari’a. Islamu ntishaka guteza imbere ubwenge bw’umuntu canke kwerekana umutekano ushingiye kuguharirwa ivyaha ariko ishaka gukomeza itegeko rishingiye ku kwihora.

Islamu ishobora gushika aho yipfuza mu gihe gusa yoba ikora nk’idini na Reta. Itegeko rya Islamu risaba umuntu ko yorikomeza. Islamu uko imeze itegerezwa kuba idini canke idini rishingiye kuri Reta. Korowani itera aba Islamu b’intagondwa kuvuga ko amasengesho, kwisonzesha, gutanga, urugendo rweranda n’intambara kubwa Allah atarivyo bigize Islamu. Ibi bizoboneka igihe gusa abanyamategeko b’aba Islamu n’ibihano bishirwa mungiro ataguca irya n’ino.

Islamu ishingiye ku gutinya Imana n’ibihano. Aba Islamu bamwe bamwe bita itegeko ryo kwihora ko ari Shari’a ya none canke ikintu nyamukuru caryo. Korowani ivuga: Igihano kibabaza ni naryo herezo ry’ubuzima! (Sura al-Baqara 2:129) abahinga mu vy’amategeko ya Islamu bashize ibihano mu bice bitatu:

I. Ibihano bikomeye (hudud)

Ibihano bikomeye bitondekeshejwe muri Korowani mu buryo bwagutse nk’ihishurwa rya Allah kandi bigafatwa nk’igikorwa ntabanduka. Ivyo bihano muri Islamu ni nko kurenga ibigo, ubusambanyi, gufata kunguvu, gutukana no kwiba.

II. Ibihano vy’ukwihora (qisas)

Ibihano vy’ukwihora bijanye no kwica, amasanganya no gukomerekanya. Bemera gutanga amahera y’amaraso yasesetse agasubirira igihano cari kuhaba kubw’ubugizi bwa nabi.

III. III. Uburyo bwo gutoza indero (ta'zir)

Uburyo bwo gutoza indero ntibuboneka muri Korowani kandi bwahagaritswe vuba kubwo guhitamwo kw’abanyamategeko. Muri kino gihe, ibihugu vy’aba Islamu vyarategekanirije ibihano ubwo bukozi bw’ikibi. Amashure y’abanyamategeko ntaco avuga kuri ivyo bihano.

IV. Ibihe bidasanzwe

Kuva muri Islamu canke kunywa ibiboreza bishirwa muri iyo migwi itatu n’amashure atandukanye. Korowani ishimikira ubwa mbere kubihano bikomeye no kw’itegeko ry’ukwihora. Naho biri uko, abanyamategeko b’inzobere berekana ko ari ikigoye kwerekana ko ububi bw’ubu bwakozwe kandi bagakoresha ivyiyumviro vyo kugira imbabazi kugira ngo ibihano bikomeye ntibishobore gukoreshwa. Ariko aba Islamu b’intagondwa muri Algerie, Indoneziya, Afganistani na Chechnia bizera ko bategerezwa gukurikiza itegeko rya Allah ata mbabazi.

7.02 -- Ibihano biteye ubwoba (hudud)

1. Ibihano kuvyo guhungabanya umutekano (hiraba)

Ikintu gitangaje, hari umurongo umwe gusa muri Korowani uvuga ivyo gutera intege abagumutsi bagwanya ubutegetsi. Vyanditse gusa bihuye n’ivya Farawo n’abanyamareba biwe bizeye Imana ya Mose na Aroni nk’uko biri muri Korowani (Sura al-A'raf 7:120-124):

Mu by’ukuri, igihano gihabwa abantu barwanya Allah n’intumwa (bakora ibyo Allah n’intumwa ye babujije)), bakanakora ubwangizi ku isi; ni uko bagomba kwicwa cyangwa bakabambwa cyangwa bagacibwa amaboko yabo n’amaguru yabo by’impande zitandukanye (ukuboko kw’iburyo n’ukuguru kw’ibumoso), cyangwa bakameneshwa mu gihugu. Ibyo kuri bo ni ugusuzugurika bakiri ku isi kandi no ku Munsi w’Imperuka bazahabwa ibihano bikomeye (Sura al-Ma'ida 5:33).

Ijambo hiraba ry’icarabu rishobora gusigura igitero cose kigabwa n’umuntu canke umugwi w’abantu uhanganye n’ububasha bwa Reta y’aba Islamu kuko Islamu iboneka ko atari idini gusa ariko kandi igendera kuri Politike. Iri jambo rigizwe kandi n’integuro, ugutunganya no gushira mu ngiro inguvu zo kugwanya ubutegetsi. Ibitero vyo kugwanya abubahwa, gukwiza iterabwoba n’ubusuma biboneka muri iryo jambo. Mu majambo yabo, abagarariji bagwanya intambara ya Allah ngo bagwanye Islamu. Muri Pakistani, kuvuga nabi ivya Muhamedi, Korowani, ukwizera kwa Islamu hamwe na Shari’a bifatwa nko kurogota, bigahanishwa urupfu.

Korowani ivuga kandi ko kugerageza umu Islamu ngo ayivemwo ari ikibi kirenze gusumba kwica (Sura al-Baqara 2:191,193,217 n’iyindi mirongo)! Kubw’ivyo, ibikorwa vy’abavugabutumwa biboneka nk’ibiri mu mugwi w’abariko baragwanya Allah (hiraba)!

Mu gihe ivyabona bibiri vy’ukuri vy’aba Islamu bivuze ko kimwe muri ivyo bikorwa biri hejuru cakozwe, umucamanza arafise gushiraho ibihano bikurikira yisunze ingingo yiwe

a) Ukwica umuhakanyi. Iki kijana no kumurasa, kumumanika, kumuca umutwe mugihe abakora ibikorwa vy’iterabwoba bashobora kumubohera inyuma kumodoka iriko iragenda gushika apfuye. Intagondwa bishitse bahimbagura umuntu yatsinzwe n’urubanza mu bimanyu nk’uko vyashitse incuro nyinshi muri Egiputa, Alijeriya na Nijeriya.

b) Ukubamba uwagirwa n’ikosa. Muri Irani, umuntu ntibabambisha umuntu n’imisumari ku musaraba ahubwo bawumuboherako (§ 195) *. Ntashobora kuwumarako imisi irenga itatu. Bishitse akaba atarapfa, arawukugwako hama akidegemvya. Korowani ihakana yivuye inyuma ibambwa rya Yesu (Sura al-Nisa' 4:157) ariko igategeka kubamba abantu bagwanya Allah!

*Ibiharuro vyose biri mu ryungane rikurikirwa n’aka kamenyetso (§) kerekana Codex y’ububi bw’itegeko rya Islamu muri Irani ryo kw’itariki 30/7/1991.

c) Uguca ukuboko kw’iburyo n’ukuguru kw’ibubamfu vy’inkozi y’ikibi n’iyindi ngingo ifatwa n’umucamanza nk’igihano. Uwahanwe akora nk’uwugabisha abandi bantu badahimbarwa n’uko bari.

d) Kwirukanwa mu gihugu c’aba Islamu ni ikindi gihano gikorerwa ahanini abanyamahanga aho ubuserukizi bukovya mu kuvugira iyo nkozi y’ikibi yahanwe canke yiketswe.

e) Igihano gikomeye co mu muriro udahera kirindiriye uwo wese agwanya Allah na Muhamedi canke akagerageza guhungabanya Reta ya Islamu.

2. Ibihano vy’uwasambanye canke akarenga ibigo

Abanyamategeko benshi b’aba Islamu bafata ko imibonano mpuzabitsina imbere yo kwubakana ndetse n’ubwizigirwa buboneka mu mubano ko ari inyigisho ngirakamaro za Shari’a kuko vyega buri mu Islamu wese. Ibihano vy’uwasambanye, uwarenze ibigo, abagabo bahuje ibitsina, abagore bahuje ibitsina n’abafata kunguvu biteye ubwoba kandi bituma bakora nk’ababibuza.

Umugore n’umugabo (biyandurishije) ubusambanyi, bagomba guhabwa igihano cyo gukubitwa-, kandi buri umwe muri bo mujye mumukubita ibiboko ijana. Kandi ntimuzagire uwo mugirira imbabazi muri bo ngo bitume mwanga gushyira itegeko rya Allah mu bikorwa, niba koko mwemera Allah (mukanemera n’amabwiriza atanga mu buryo bwo kumugaragira), mukaba munemera ubuzima bubaho nyuma y’ubu bwo ku isi. Kandi ni itegeko ko icyo gihano (abo basambanyi) bahabwa, bagomba kugihererwa mu ruhame kikabonwa n’itsinda ry’Abayisilamu (Sura al-Nur 24:2).

Iyi Suras irerekana ko abagabo n’abagore bahanwa co kimwe. Mu bihugu bimwe bimwe vy’aba Islamu abagabo bakubitwa bahagaze, ariko abakenyezi bakicarikwa. Abagabo bakurwa impuzu zabo, ibihimba vyabo vyirondoka nivyo gusa bambika. Abakenyezi bo baguma bambaye. Imitwe, amaso n’ibihimba vyabo vy’irondoka ntibikorwako. Ntibashobora gukubitwa iyo hakanye canke hashushe cane (§ 96).

Umuntu wese ababajwe n’ukwo kugirirwa nabi azokwononekara imitsi y’umugongo wiwe ndetse agire n’ububabare muruti rw’umugongo imisi yose azomara akiriho. Bategerezwa gukubitirwa imbere y’amaso y’aba Islamu. Imbabazi ziba zitakivugwa!

Umujakazi akubitwa icakabiri c’inkoni umugore yidegemvya akubitwa iyo bibonetse ko yasambanye (Sura al-Nisa' 4:25).

Muri Irani, umuntu agwaye ingwara idakira ashobobora gukubitwa inkoni imwe gusa nk’umutekero w’inkoni 100 kugira ngo inkoni 100 zisabwa na Allah zigumane ikibanza (§ 94)! Korowani ifise ingingo nyinshi zijanye n’ibihano bihabwa abasambanyi:

Naho mu bagore banyu (niba habonetsemwo) abakora biteye isoni (nk’ubusambanyi), muri mwe hakabonekamwo abantu bane (babonye babikora amaso ku yandi) babibahamya. Nibatanga (ubwo) buhamya, muzabafungire mu rugo kugeza ubwo bagezweho n’urupfu cyangwa Allah akabagenera ubundi buryo (Sura al-Nisa' 4:15).

Abigeme canke abakenyezi b’aba Islamu bikekwa ko baryamanye n’abo bakorana urudandaza canke bakarenga ibigo bugaranirirwa mu gacerere kandi hadakurikijwe amategeko mu cumba aho badahabwa ivyo gufungura canke kunywa gushika bishwe n’inyota canke n’inzara. Rimwe na rimwe umuvyeyi canke umugwaneza mubo bavukana asiga umuryango wuguruye mw’ijoro kugira ngo uwo mukobwa ashobore guhungira ku bagenzi canke abavukanyi biwe bigenga. Mu miryango yasindabibazwa, umuntu yagirizwa ubusambanyi rimwe na rimwe aricwa na bakuru biwe canke agahambwa ataco abiziko.

Kuri bamwe bamwe; hari umurongo uteye amakenga muri Korowani ugizwe n’insiguro zitandukanye:

Nihagira abantu babiri muri mwe (umugabo cyangwa umugore, bafashwe) bakora ibiteye isoni (nk’ubusambanyi), muzabababaze. Nibahindukira bakicuza icyaha bakoze hanyuma bakihana, bakagororoka, muzabihorere. Mu by’ukuri Allah ni Tawabun ‘Uwakira ubusabe bukorwa n’abihana ibyaha byabo), Rahiimun “Nyirimbabazi” (Sura al-Nisa' 4:16).

Aba Islamu bamwe bamwe basubiramwo uyu murongo nk’ubundi buryo bw’igihano ku basambanyi, abandi bakawubona nk’itegeko mw’izina rya Allah ry’ukwandukirwa n’uguhuza ibitsina kw’ababisangiye gushika bahagaritse inyifato zabo bagenderamwo. Korowani ntaco ivuga kuvyo guhindurwa musha mu buryo bwa mpwemu kw’abanyavyaha, ahubwo igerageza gukingira umunyavyaha ngo ntabandanye akora ibibi vyinshi mu kwerekana ibihano n’uko ashobora kugirirwa nabi.

Ibihano kubasambanyi n’abarenze ibigo muri Shari’a
Bishimikije iyo mirongo yo muri Korowani, abanyamategeko b’aba Islamu bateje imbere uburyo bwo kubuza aba Islamu kwishora mu kurenga ibigo, ubusambanyi, abagabo bahuza ibitsina canke abagore bahuza ibitsina. Abize amashure atandukanye y’ivy’amategeko bongeyeko imigenzo ya Muhamedi bisunze Umar b.al-Khattab ivuga ko abantu bose barenga ibigo bategerezwa guterwa amabuye.

Bisunze iyo migenzo, ibi bihano bikurikira vyarashizweho muri Irani kubantu bakora ivyaha vy’ubusambanyi:

a) Ukwica umusambanyi
Uwo ajanwa hanze mugihe yasambanye n’umuntu wo mu muryango wiwe, asanzwe abujijwe muri Korowani (cane cane uwo mu muryango wa se w’abagore biwe!) (Sura al-Nisa' 4:22-23).

Mu gihe uwutari umu Islamu (Umuyuda, Umukristo, Uwusenga imizimu canke umuhakanye) aryamanye n’umugore w’umu Islamu. (Abantu bose bahuza ibitsina n’ingenzi mu bihugu vy’aba Islamu bategerezwa kubimenyeshwa!)

Iyo bariko barabinginga kuryamana nabo (§ 82).

Abahanye amasezerano yo guhuza ibitsina babisangiye baricwa iyo bose ari abasambanyi kandi bahuje ivyiyumviro (§ 109-112).

Umucamanza ahejeje gusuzuma uwagirizwa, aca amuhitiramwo inzira yo kwicwa (§ 110). Ashobora kuraswa, kumanikwa, gucibwa izosi canke ubundi buryo bujanye no kwica.

b) Gutera amabuye umusambanyi canke umusambanyikazi
Ibi bishika iyo umwe (canke bose) bubakanye (muhsin) kandi bafise uruvyaro, akaba afise umugore babanye neza (§ 83).

Iyo umutama canke umutamakazi arenze ibigo, bategerezwa kubanza gukubitwa imbere yuko baterwa amabuye (§ 94).

Umusambanyi aterwa amabuye inda yiwe izitswe mw’ivu mugihe umusambanyikazi nawe amabere yiwe aba azitswe mw’ivu (§ 102).

Mu guterwa amabuye, ayo mabuye ntategerezwa kuba ari manini cane kugira ngo uwo muntu ntapfe ningoga, ariko aba ari mato kugira ngo ntibamwice (§ 104).

Iyo uwagirizwa ahejeje kwihana, umucamanza ategerezwa gutera ibuye rya mbere. Ariko iyo yagirijwe n’ivyabona, ivyo vyabona bitegerezwa kubanza kumutera amabuye ya mbere, bigakurikirwa n’umucamanza (§ 99).

Abakenyezi barenze ibigo bafise imbanyi canke bonsa, ntibaterwa amabuye gushika babanje kwibaruka canke babacukije (§ 91).

Iyo umugabo canke umugore barenze ibigo bari mu rugendo canke mw’ibohero, ntibaterwa amabuye (§ 86).

c) Ugukubitwa
Bikorwa muri Irani kugira bihanize ubusambanyi:

  • Umusore canke inkumi bakubitwa inkoni 100 (§ 88).
  • Inkoni 100 ku bagabo babiri bumvise ko bohuza ibitsina mugabo batabikoze (§ 121).
  • Igihano c’abagore bahuje ibitsina naco nyene ni inkoni 100 kuri buri umwe umwe (§ 129).
  • Abagabo babiri baryamye bari amenya atampamvu yumvikana bakubitwa inkoni ziri munsi y’i 100. Co kimwe no ku bagore (§ 123).
  • Umuntu wese yasavye abantu babiri gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina itemewe kandi akagirizwa ko yabisavye akubitwa inkoni 75 (§ 135-138).
  • Abahungu babiri batari bwakwize imyaka, bakubitwa inkoni zitari munsi ya 74 kubera ukwo guhuza ibitsina ari abahungu gusa (§ 74).
  • Mu gihe umugabo asomye uwundi mugabo, akubitwa inkoni zitari munsi ya 60 (§ 124).

Ingorane zo kuronka ivyemeza vy’uwasambanyi
Uru rutonde rw’uburyarya n’imvugo zitanezereje muri Islamu rushobora kubandanya urudaca. Ariko mu nyubwakwa z’abagore biwe, Muhamedi yagendera ku nkuru z’uko amategeko nkayo yugururira imiryango umuntu wese agomba kwicwa.

Aisha, umugore wiwe yakunda cane, akiri umuyabaga yajanywe n’umugwi w’abadandaza, aguma wenyene mu bugaragwa. Umugabo akiri muto yari avuye i Medina aca amucunga amasaha canke imisi, maze amusubiza kwa Muhamedi. Muhamedi aca arungika uwo mugore wiwe agenda ararira kwa se Abu Bakr gushika Allah amuhishuriye ko ubusambanyi, kurenga ibigo, abagabo barongorana, abagore barongorana bategerezwa kuvyatura bisubiriza incuro zine babikoreye ahari abantu benshi (§ 68) canke n’ivyabona bine ngo intahe zabo zemerwe mu buryo bwagutse. Bitabaye uko, uwo biketse ntabwo ahanwa (§ 74).

Bisunze iri hishurwa ridasanzwe, abihinga muvy’amategeko ya Shari’a bashizeho uburyo bwo kubuza kwerekana igihano c’icaha c’ubusambanyi:

Iyo uwatura canke abatura basubiyemwo kwatura maze ivyabona bine ntibize, igihano gikomeye gishobora gukurwaho (§ 71).

Iyo umugabo canke umugore bahakanye igikorwa cabo imbere y’uko ivyabona bibishingira intahe, igihano gikomeye gishobora gukorwaho (§ 72).

Igihe gusa ivyabona bine vy’abagabo b’aba Islamu bashoye kwerekana uko ubusambanyi bwakozwe canke igikorwa mu buryo butomoye, niho abagirizwa ububi batsindwa n’urubanza (Sura al-Nur 24:4; § 74).

Iyo hatabonetse ivyabona bine vy’abagabo b’aba Islamu, abagore babiri n’abagabo batatu barashobora kubishingira intahe. Bikenewe, abagabo babiri n’abagore bane baca babikora, ariko mu gihe atari n’imiburiburi abagabo babiri babishingiye intahe, abagore gusa ntibashobora kwagiriza inkozi y’ikibi (§ 73-76).

Biracari ikinyegezwa kukuntu abakenyezi batari aba Islamu binjiye muri Islamu bakumirwa ntibahabwe ivyabona ndetse no mu bibazo vyo gutorana mu miryango.

Ariko ingorane nyayo ibabaza uwubirondera canke uwononye inyifato n’uko: mu gihe adashoboye kuzana ivyabona bine bisabwa, nawe nyene aca akubitwa inkoni 80 (§ 140; Sura al-Nur 24:4).

Mu gihe naho umwe mu vyabona avuguruje abandi mu ntahe yiwe, ivyo vyabona vyose bine bikubitwa inkoni 80 (§ 76 und 78).

Kubera izo ngorane, bihakwa kudashoboka ko uwasambanye yagirizwa n’ivyabona bine. Ivyabona vyose vyisanga mu ngorane yo gukubitwa kubera umwe aba yihenze mu ntahe yabo. Ikirengeye ivyo, ni ikigoye kwitegereza igikorwa nk’ico witonze maze ukakivuga mu buryo bwagutse mu bacamanza b’inzobere.

Akoresheje ayo mategeko, Muhamedi yasizeho amategeko akomeye yo kugwanya ubusambanyi-birashoboka akaba yabigize kubera imvo ziwe- kugira ahakane uko bari bayazi maze ayahindure nk’ayadafise agaciro. Amategeko yiwe ntahambarira abantu ariko bishitse ashobora gukomezwa iyo bibonetse ko hari ivyononekaye.

Ibihano kubwo kuterekana uwakoze ikibi bijana ahani n’ubuzima bw’umu Islamu:

Iyo umuvyeyi abwiye umwana wiwe: “nturi umwana wanje” maze ntashobore kuvyerekana, akubitwa inkoni 80.

Iyo umuntu avuze ko umwana w’umuvyeyi kanaka si umwana wiwe vy’ukuri maze ntashobore kubironkera ivyabona bine, ategerezwa gukubitwa (§ 142).

Ukwikeka umusambanyi kwose canke kwerekana abagabo bahuje ibitsina udafise ivyabona bine bituma uwagiriza akubitwa (§ 143). Umuntu wese avuga ko umukobwa kanaka atakiri isugi maze ntashobore kubironkera ivyabona bine vyo kuvyemeza, akubitwa inkoni 74 (§ 145).

Gukubita umugabo canke umugore kubwo kwagiriza canke gushinga intahe y’ikinyoma, bakubitwa bambaye kandi bakabakubitisha akamwafumwafu gusa (§ 155). Ariko iyo umugabo yagirije umwe mu bagore biwe ubusambanyi maze ntashobore kubironkera ivyabona bine, ategerezwa kurahira incuro zine ko ariko aravuga ukuri maze basanze ariko arabesha akivuma ubwiwe.

Uwo mugore wiwe ashobora kurengana ico gihano cagomba kumugirira nabi mu gutanga amahera no mu kurahira incuro zine ko atigeze akora ubusambanyi ndetse akanivuma iyo umugabo wiwe yavuze ukuri (Sura al-Nur 24,6-9; § 161).

Uku kwishirako iyi ndahiro nk’uko bisabwa igihutihuti mu birori kuzosambura umubano umugabo canke umugore batiriwe barahanwa. Ariko igihano gikomeye kirindiriye uwo wese abeshera umugore wiwe w’intungane (Sura al-Nur 24:9).

Ibibazo vyokuvugako kuvy’amategeko ku busambanyi muri Islamu
Korowani iremera umubano w’igihe gito (mut'a, Sura al-Nisa' 4:24). Aba Islamu b’aba Sunni bahakana bivuye inyuma uku kuri kwa Korowani (mu majambo), ariko aba Shite bobo babishira mu ngiro. Iyo bari ku rugendo, bagahuriza ku mafaranga ntaco bitwara bakoze ubusambanyi.

Korowani ihishura ijambo ritangaje ku bijanye no kunyuranya abagore (Suras al-Nisa' 4:20-21; al-Tahrim 66:5 n’ibindi bice). Iri tegeko risubirwamwo mu gusigura ukwahukana n’abagore ukabasubiriza abagore bagenzi babo biciye mu bugeni bwemewe n’amategeko. Inkuru kuvy’inyifato z’aba Shehe bamwe bamwe, naho biri uko zerekana iki gikorwa c’urukozasoni ugutandukanye.

Imwe mu ngorane nyamukuru muri Islamu n’uko umu Islamu wese afise uburenganzira bwo kugira abagore bane icarimwe (Sura al-Nisa' 4:3). Uko abakristo babitahura, uku kugira abagore benshi ntaco bivuze uretse ko ari ubusambanyi bwitwa ko bwemewe n’amategeko budahera. Aba Islamu bavuga ko Muhamedi yari azi ko ata mugabo yoshobora gukunda abagore biwe ku rugero rumwe, gutyo aca ashaka ko abagabo bogira umugore umwe (Sura al-Nisa' 4: 3,129).

Abagabo b’aba Islamu barafise kandi uburenganzira bwo kurongora igitigiri kitagira urugero c’abagore b’abaja hambavu y’abagore babo bidegemvya (Suras al-Nisa' 4:3,24,25,36; al-Nahl 16:71; al-Mu'minun 23:6; al-Nur 24:32,33,58; al-Rum 30:28; al-Ahzab 33:50 [incuro zibiri]; al-Ma'arij 70:30 n’iyindi mirongo). Ubu busambanyi bwemewe burakorwa kandi muri Sudani incuro ibihumbi. Biragoye kwiyumvira amarushwa no gutakaza ivyizigiro vy’ubu buja binyegejwe muri iri “hishurwa”.

Muhamedi yategetse abamukurikira kudahatira canke ngo bakwegere imiyabaga y’abaja mu busambanyi batabishaka kugira ahubwo abigarurire. Ariko iyo ibi vyashika, Allah yaramubabarira kandi ni umunyembabazi (Sura al-Nur 24:33)! Mbega aba Islamu boba bafise uburenganzira bwo gukora ubusambanyi ntibahanwe?

Muhamedi ubwiwe yatangaje umugore w’umuhungu wiwe Zaid w’umurerano igihe atari yambaye yikwije munyuma aramurongora. Igihe iki gikorwa cateye ibibazo bitangaje, Muhamedi aca ahishura: Allah niwe ategeka imitima! Allah yemereye Muhamedi kurongora Zainab nk’uko yari yarabiteguye mu mugambi wiwe nyuma yaho Zaid umuhungu wiwe w’umurerano aronse ico yashaka kandi akamumuha biciye mu mategeko (Sura al-Ahzab 33:37-52).

Muhamedi yavuze muri make uko atahura igikorwa c’uguhuza ibitsina mu murongo wo muri Korowani: Allah yaremye umugabo “ari umunyantege nke”. Yemeye ayo mategeko y’ubugeni kugira yorohereze umugabo (Sura al-Nisa' 4:28).

Itegeko rya Yesu kuvyo guhana umusambanyi
Ikibanza ca Yesu kuvy’amategeko y’ubusambanyi bw’aba Islamu dushobora kukibonera mu nyishu yahaye abayuda bumva ko ari ab’ukuri mu gihe ciwe (Yohana 8:1-12). Bamuzaniye umugore yafashwe asambana, kugira ngo amucire urubanza. Ariko Yesu abishura haciye akanya gato acereje: Nimumutere amabuye nk’uko Mose yabitegetse! Ariko ashiraho iki cagezwe: Uwutagira icaha muri mwebewe nabe ariwe amubanza ibuye! Bose baca bariyonjorora bagenda mu gacerere harimwo n’abamukurikira!

Yesu ntiyigeze atesha agaciro igihano categekanijwe mw’Isezerano rya Kera canke ngo akigumishe ngo ni mpaka haboneke ivyemezo nk’uko Muhamedi yakoze, yamara yerekanye ubushakanyi bw’abantu bose. Umwami wacu ntacira urubanza gusa ibikorwa vyacu, ariko n’ivyo tuba dutumbereye! Ibi bibonekera neza mw’itegeko ryiwe (Ubutumwa bwo ku musozi):

Umuntu wese araba umugore w’uwundi akamwipfuza, aba amaze gusambana nawe mu mutima wiwe (Matayo 5:27-30).

Yesu ashaka kudushikana ku rugero aho duca bugufi tukaba mu buzima bwo kwihana. Ashaka kudukuramwo impwemu y’ubudyarya n’urubanza atugire abidegemvya (Matayo 7:1-5) ndetse ngo dufashe twongere dukize abagiye guhanwa.

Yesu yariwe wenyene i Yerusalemu yari kubanza kumutera ibuye ubwa mbere kuko atacaha yagira. Ariko ntiyabikoze, ahubwo yishizeko ivyaha vy’abasambanyikazi, apfa mu gishingo cabo mu kubakiza urubanza rw’Imana. Ariko abwira uwo mugore ati: Niwigire, guhera ubu ntuzosubire gukora icaha! Iyi niyo nyishu yiwe kuri twebwe no kuba Islamu bose (Yohana 8:1-12).

3. Igihano co kwiba

Hari umurongo umwe gusa muri Korowani werekana igihano c’uwivye:

38 Umujura w’igitsina gabo n’umujura w’igitsina gore, mujye mubaca ibiganza byabo, ibyo ni igihano bahabwa kubera ibyo baba bakoze, ari igihano (ntangarugero cyavuye kuri Allah. Kandi Allah ni Azizun (Uganza akagira ububasha bwose), Hakiimun (Isoko y’ubwenge n’ubuhanga). 39 Umuntu wese uzisubiraho akihana nyuma yo gukora ibyaha, akanatungana, rwose Allah yakira ukwihana kwe. Mu by’ukuri, Allah ni Ghafurun (Uhebuje mu guhanagura ibyaha), Rahiimun (Nyirubuntu bwose). 40 Ese ntuzi ko ubwami bwo mu majuru no ku isi bwose buri mu maboko ya Allah? Ahana uwo Ashaka, Akanahanaguraho ibyaha uwo ashaka. Kandi Allah ni Qadirun (Ushobora buri kintu-kuva mbere y’ibihe kuzageza iteka ryose (Sura al-Ma'ida 5:38-40).

Korowani ntitomora neza ibiba vyibwe canke amafaranga aba yibwe ni angahe kugira uwayivye ashobore gucibwa amaboko. Ivyo vyashizweho n’abize ivy’amategeko b’aba Islamu bisunze uko abantu b’i Medina bakora ndetse baranivuguruza ubwabo.

Hakoreshejwe itegeko had, imigenzo ya Muhamedi yahinduye ubusa n’imirongo yo muri Korowani! Abahinga mu vy’amategeko basavye ko igisuma gikwiye gucibwa ukuboko kwaco kw’iburyo ubwa mbere maze bakagica ukuguru kw’ibubamfu nk’igihano asubiriye kwiba ubwa kabiri, mugihe Korowani yerekana gusa ko bakwiye gucibwa amaboko!

Al-Tabari aracerekana itegeko rya Korowani mu gusigura uyu murongo, mu gihe al-Jalalayn yamaze gushiramwo ikibanza c’ivyo abahinga mu vy’amategeko bavuze. We abandanya avuga, agasaba ko uwivye yocibwa ukuboko kwiwe kw’ibubamfu ubwa gatatu, ukuguru kw’iburyo kugacibwa ubwa kane.

Uko iri tegeko ryagiye ritera imbere n’ishirwamungiro ryaryo vyerekana ko Korowani atariyo ifise ijambo rya nyuma iyo bariko barashiraho Shari’a, ariko ko ari ikoraniro ry’abanyamategeko b’aba Islamu. Bahaye imigenzo ya Muhamedi ivyo bashatse babirutisha igihano c’umurongo wo muri Korowani!

Igihano ca Korowani ku gisuma ni igikorwa c’ukwihora ca Allah, we nyene ikirere akanakiganza. Igihano categerezwa nko kuba inkebuzo ku bandi kugira ntibibe. Kubwo iyi mburi itegeko no gutinya biboneka nk’aho ari ugusubiza inyuma Islamu, imico n’imigenzo yayo. Ikibi kinesheshwa ikindi. Urukundo rutagira akagero rw’Imana no guhindurwa musha kunengesereye kw’ubuntu n’imbabazi vyayo ni nk’ikidodo muri Islamu. Ikibi muri Islamu ntikinesheshwa iciza.

Igihano c’igisuma gisabwa nk’ikimetso c’ubwenge bwa Allah muri Korowani. Ariko urukundo rwiwe ku gisuma ruboneka gusa mu gihe yamaze guhanwa, iyo ukuboko canke ukuguru kwiwe vyamaze gucibwa. Itegeko rya Islamu ritegerezwa gushirwa mungiro imbere yuko hiterwa imbabazi kuwakoze nabi.

Abahinga mu vy’amategeko ya Islamu babonye ko itegeko had ritari iryo gukoreshwa igihe cose canke mu bibanza vyose. Hamwe umuntu wese yokwiba yocibwa ubwa mbere ukuboko canke ukuguru ubugira kabiri, ninde ashobora kuba agifise ingingo ziwe zose? Ni bande boca baba mu kibanza co gukora, kwitwararika no kugaburira umuryango w’ico kimuga? Iri tegeko ryoba agateye ubwoba mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajambere aho ibice 20% gushika 50% yabakoresha inguvu zabo ari abadafise akazi!

Biragoye kwerekana igisuma
Kubw’izo mpamvu, abahinga mu vy’amategeko mu bihugu vyinshi vya Islamu bashizeho amategeko akomeye mu gutanga insiguro y’igisuma. Ibitabu vy’amategeko ku nkozi z’ibibi muri Irani birimwo amategeko avuguruza amategeko y’abandi bize ivy’amategeko ya Islamu. Igihano had kuvy’igisuma gishobora kudakoreshwa muri Irani igihe basanze yashikiwe n’ibi bikurikira:

Igisuma gifise imyaka izwi n’amategeko kandi nticiruke kimaze gukora ico kibi. Ashobora kuba yivye atabiteganya canke ngo ahatirwe kwiba.

Igisuma gitegerezwa kuba cari kizwi ubwa mbere ko ivyo yivye ari ivy’uwundi muntu ndetse ko kubitwara ari bibi. Uwo yibwe abibika mu kibanza aho umutekano w’ivyibwe uba ukwiye kubwo urugero rw’ivyibwe. Igisuma kijanwa ukwaco ahantu hatekanye canke kigafashwa n’abandi.

Agaciro k’ibintu vyibwe gategerezwa kuba kangana ni miburiburi n’amagarama 0.2 vy’izahabu.

Mu gihe c’inzara, ico gisuma ntawugikurikira

Iyo ivyibwe bibonetse igisuma kitarafatwa (imbere yuko ivyabona bibishingira intahe), igihano had ntikiba kigikoreshejwe (§ 198).

Igisuma gitegerezwa gushingirwa intahe n’abagabo babiri b’aba Islamu ko atakibi kimwagira canke kikabisubiramwo incuro zibiri mu kuvyaturira imbere y’umucamanza.

Igisuma gishobora guhagarikwa gusa iyo cabanwe n’abantu babiri. Umugani w’icarabu uvuga uti: “Ukwiba si icaha, ahubwo gufatwa nico caha!” Uwundi uvuga uti “Ukwiba abakristo birihanganirwa (halal!); kubera intahe y’ivyabona bibiri vy’abagenzi b’aba Islamu mu kworeka ubugwanezaico gisuma bituma intahe y’umukristo ataco imara.

Iyo igisuma kibwiye ububi rimwe umucamanza, kigasubiza ivyibwe, igihano hadd ntigikoreshwa (§ 199).

Igisuma gishobora guhanwa gusa, iyo uwibwe abimwagirije ndetse akanka kumubabarira (iyo hatari uwumwagiriza, nta mucamanza akenerwa). Ariko iyo igisuma cicujije ubusuma bwaco ningoga imbere y’ivyabona bibiri bifise ibimenyetso bigaragara, igihano hadd ntigikoreshwa (§ 200).

Ivyibwe ntibishobora kuba ivya Reta canke vyegukire idini kuko ata muntu yigenga bisanzwe vyegukiye (§ 198).

Igihano kirengeye umuntu co gucibwa ibihimba vy’umubiri vyaramaze kubuzwa muri Irani n’abanyamategeko b’inzobere. Ariko mu bindi bihugu vy’aba Islamu, iri tegeko rirashimangirwa batitayeho ngo ni izihe ngingo zogucibwa. Imangazini yo muri Sudani yasohoye amafoto y’abagabo bakiri bato 25 berekanywe bakuweko ibice bimwe bimwe vy’umubiri. Icakabiri ca cumi na babiri cabo bari hasi imbere yabo kuko bari bakuweko amaguru n’amaboko. Ku mboneshakure yo muri Iraq, baca berekana abagabo bakiri bato baciwe amaguru n’amaboko bashinga intahe ko Allah yabababariye. Bari banezerewe kuko ivyaha vyabo vyakuweho no gucibwa ingingo zabo!

Irani nayo ica ishiraho inzira ntarengwa yo gukurako ibihimba. Itegeko kuvy’ibibi vyakozwe rivuga:

Iyo umuntu yivye ubwa mbere, intoke zine z’ukuboko kwiwe gusa nizo zitegerezwa gucibwa kugira ngo intoke zitandatu n’ibikonjo bibiri bigumeko.

Yivye ubugira kabiri, igice c’imbere c’ikirenge ciwe nico gicibwa kugira igitsintsiri n’ijisho ry’ikirenge bisigare kandi ashobore kugenda acumbagira (§ 201).

Iki gikorwa kinyuranye n’ic’ayandi mashure yigisha amayegeko ya Islamu, yo avuga ko acibwa ukuboko kwose gushika kugikonjo biri kumwe n’ukuguru gushika kw’ijisho ry’ikirenge. Uwo wese yo kwihweza ivyo bihano biteye ubwoba yotahura impamvu ibihugu vyinshi vy’aba Islamu bitigera bihagarika no kwica inkozi zibibi zirenze amategeko gushika kuri Muftis na Mullahs, aho bihaniza ibihano had canke bakabikoresha bibaye ngombwa nko kugabisha. Ibihugu vy’aba Islamu aho Shari’a yashinze imizi bavyita ko ari ugukurikiza amategeko yose ya Allah mu bwizigirwa.

Intambara z’imvukira kuvy’amategeko canke ishirwamungiro rya Shari’a mu bihugu bitandukanye vy’aba Islamu ntizirarangira. Aba Islamu benshi kuba mu bihugu vyo hagati. Mu bisanzwe, agateka kazina muntu ntigahuza na Shari’a ya Islamu! Ariyo mpamvu ibihugu vyigenga vy’aba Islamu vyemerera abarongoye imisigiti kugira ububasha gusa ku bikorwa vyo gusenga no kuvy’ubuzima bwa misi yose, ariko bakitondera uburenganzira bwo gushiraho no gutegura intambara ndetse n’amategeko ijanye n’ubugizi bwa nabi. Bagerageza kurondera uko bohuza amategeko y’abanyaburayi n’abanyamerika n’itegeko ry’aba Islamu. Ariko intagondwa z’aba Islamu ziteguye no gutanga ubuzima bwazo kugira itegeko rya Allah rikurwe mu nyandiko.

7.03 -- Amategeko yo kwihora

1. Ugusubiriza mu nkoko canke ukwihora vyarategekanijwe

Ibikorwa vyose vy’ububi canke amasanganya y’imiduga atuma haba impfu canke ugukomereka bigendera munsi y’itegeko ryo kwihora. Iyo harinze havishwa amaraso bihanwa uburyo butandukanye hisunzwe uko basanzwe bahana ubugizi bwa nabi. Abasangwabutaka biyumvira ko ubugingo bw’umuntu buri mu maraso yiwe yo atakamba gushika mw’ijuru kubera igihano iyo yasheshwe. Inyishu ya Korowani kuri ivyo iratomoye neza:

Yemwe abemeye mwe! Muhawe uruhushya rwo guhorera abishwe mubikoze mu buryo bwa al-Qisasi umunyamudendezo agahorerwa undi, umucakara agahorerwa undi mucakara, n’umugore agahorerwa undi mugore. (Sura al-Baqara 2:178a).

Ibihano vy’abicanyi canke abakomerekanije si ivyo kuzitirira uwakoze ikibi ariko ni ukwihora nk’uko vyategetswe na Allah. Gutyo, ibikorwa vyo kwihora si ivy’ibigumbagumba canke ibikorwa vyo kugwanira icubahiro c’umuryango ariko ni ugutahura ko ari igikorwa categekanijwe gitegerezwa gushirwa mungiro. Umuntu wese adahariwe biciye mu kuvisha amaraso acika uwo guhanwa nk’uko amajambo ya Mose avuga: Nk’uw’ivyagezwe biri, ibintu ni nka vyose vyozwa n’amaraso kandi hatavuye amaraso ntihaba guharirwa ivyaha (Abaheburayo 9:22)! Uguharirwa bidaciye mu maraso biguma ari icaha kuko amategeko ategeka kwihora!

Umuntu muzima wo mu muryango w’abicanyi, bakigendera kuri ivyo ategerezwa kugwa mu mporero y’umuntu wese yishe. Yaba uwidegemvya, umugabo w’umutunzi kuwidegemvya, umutunzi, umugabo w’umuja akorera umuntu yishe umuja, uwidegemvya canke umujakazi yishe uwidegemvya canke umujakazi. (Itandukaniro k’umugore yigenga muri Korowani riboneke neza muri Korowani kukuntu umugore yidegemvya avugwa kimwe n’abajakazi ndetse havuye abagabo b’abaja)

Muhamedi yerekanye mu majambo make akamaro ko kwihora ku muryango wiwe w’idini muri iri tegeko ry’urufatiro:

Ukwihora (al-qisas) nibwo buzima bwanyu (Sura al-Baqara 2:179).

Ubwoba bwo kwihora butuma imiryango ibana amahoro. Itegeko ryo kwihora ni rimwe mu bintu ngirakamaro vyo kubana mu mahoro, ugukingira canke umutekano mu miryango y’aba Islamu. Aba Islamu benshi ntibakunda kwibana ukwabo ngo batandukanywe n’imiryango yabo, naho abagize umuryango boba bishize hamwe muri “twebwe” biciye mw’itegeko ryo kwihora kugira barabe ko bobandanya kubaho. Umwe wese yitwarariko abandi, yaba abishaka canke atabishaka.

2. Ijisho ku rindi, iryinyo ku rindi

Korowani itegeka kwihora wisunze uko umuntu canke umugwi w’abantu wagukoreye. Ububabare ntibutegerezwa kuba uburenze mu kwihora ibikomere wakomerekejwe canke uko wiciwe, canke ngo gushobore kuba munsi kurusha isanganya canke kwicwa. Ishingiro ry’itegeko ryo kwihora (al-qisas) ni: "ryo kandi rihwanye" n’ikibi cakozwe! Ukwihora gutegerezwa gukurwaho rimwe, atari mu bice:

Uzabatera namwe mufite uburenganzira bwo kumutera, yarengera namwe mukarengera. Mu by’ukuri mutinye Allah [mumuha icyubahiro kimukwiriye], kandi mumenye ko Allah ahora ku ruhande rw’abamukiranukira. (Sura al-Baqara 2,194b).

Nimushaka kwihorera [ku banzi banyu], mujye mwihorera mubakorera ibifite uburemere bungana n’ubwo ibyo babakoreye gusa. Ariko kandi munaramutse munabihanganiye [ntimwihorere], nibyo byiza kubihangana. (al-Nahl 16,126).

Igikomere gihorwa ikindi (Sura al-Shura 42,40).

Indyarya – zihemukira Allah nawe akazihemukira! (Sura al-Nisa' 4,142).

Iyo canke ukwo gususa kw’imirongo gukomeza itegeko ry’icubahiro ry’ibihano vyo kwihora muri Islamu. Ntan’umwe akwiye guhana uwundi gusumba canke kumaramaza uwundi kurusha ivyamushikiye, umuryango wiwe canke abantu biwe. Ariko ukuri iyo habaye ibigumbagumba biratandukana. Ububi bukorwa mu buryo bwose n’aba Islamu, nk’uko bukorwa n’abandi bantu ndetse n’abo basangiye amaraso. Itegeko ribahamagarira kuba akarorero, abatagira ibigumbagumba no gukoresha gusa inkomezi zabo zose uko zingana aho bababajwe-atari kutabiha agaciro!

Ikibabaje, nuko umunyororo wo kwihora utezwa imbere cane hisunzwe ivy’idini mu bihugu vyinshi vy’aba Islamu kugira imiryango igwane n’uwundi, yankane canke ngo yanke kuvugana mu myaka ndetse no mu binyenjana.

Ku musozi w’i Lebanone, abahungu bo mucaro b’aba Islamu bagiye kw’ishure ry’abaporoti, baca basezerana ko atan’umwe azokwigera agira uruhara mu kwihorahorana kutagira ishingiro kw’imiryango. Ariko umusi mukuru urangiza Ramadan wegereje, se wabo w’abo bahungu babiri, uwo se yari yiciwe mw’isanganya, aca acanganya abishwa biwe ati, “ni gute twohimbaza umusi mukuru mu gihe so wanyu atarahorerwa?” Umuhungu yiruka muhira, atora inkoho aca arasa se wa wamugenzi wiwe, yari yicaye ku rubaraza rw’inzu yiwe ariko araganira n’abagenzi biwe. Uwihoye aca afata imoto yiwe yiruka ku gituro c’abapolisi, arishikana ababwira ko kwica ari kubera icubahiro, aca asaba gukingirwa neza maze aca ashirwa mw’ibohero imyaka ibiri. Akuwe mw’ibohero haheze imyaka ibiri, umugenzi wiwe yari ahagaze kumuryango w’ibohero. Yaciye anyegurura inkoho yiwe, maze aca arasa uwo yishe se wiwe. Igikorwa c’icubahiro, igikorwa c’ukwihora! Igihe azorekurwa mw’ibohero haciye imyaka ibiri canke itatu nawe azoca ashikirwa n’ivyo nyene!

Urukurikirane rw’urwanko rwo kwihora rucanishamwo ikibano kandi abantu baba hafi yo mu buseruko ahanini bahunga mu buryo butaboneka. Igikorwa c’ukwihora gishobora gukurwaho nyuma y’imyaka 20. Biboneka ko bitokurwaho shiti imiryango yose ihurije kumafaranga yotangwa kubasheshe amaraso. Abakristo benshi bo mu buseruko canke mu burengero ntibemera uburyo nk’ubwo bwo kubana mu mahoro kubwo imbabazi Kristo yabateguriye kunezereregwa.

3. Itegeko ribuza aba Islamu kwica!

Umuntu wese yosoma Korowani azobonamwo imirongo myinshi ibuza aba Islamu kwica abandi ba Islamu. Imwe muri iyo mirongo abanyamategeko ba Shari’a bahisemwo kuyiha insiguro y’ibihano vy’ukwihora nk’uko bisomwa muri iyi mirongo ikurikira:

Ntibyemewe ko umuyisilamu yakwica umu Islamu kiretse bimugwiriye nk’impanuka: ... (Sura al-Nisa' 4,92a).

Naho uwica umuyisilamu abigabiriye, igihano cye ni Jahanamu aho azaba ubuzira herezo, kandi Allah aramurakarira, akanamuvuma, yanamuteguriye ibihano bikomeye (Sura al-Nisa' 4:93).

Uzarengera akabikora abitewe no kurengera cyangwa ubukozi bw’ibibi, uwo rwose Tuzamwinjiza mu muriro, kandi ibyo kuri Allah biroroshe. (Sura al-Nisa' 4:29-30).

Twategetse umuntu wese wo mu bana ba Isiraheri uzica umuntu atamwiciye ko yishe undi muntu, cyangwa atamuhoye ubundi bukozi bw’ibibi ku isi, azafatwa nk’aho yishe abantu bose bo ku isi. Sura al-Ma'ida 5:32). Ukwiyumvira umwicanyi ntivyisunga amategeko. Uwohura nawe wese ashobora kumwica ubwo nyene.

Ntimukagire umuntu uwo ariwe wese mwica mumurenganije, kandi kumwaka ubuzima bwe Allah yarabiziririje, keretse haramutse habayeho impamvu y’ukuri ituma bigomba gukorwa. Kandi umuntu wese uzicwa uhowe ubusa, -atari uko azaba yishwe kubera impanuka- abazungura be twabahaye uburenganzira bwo kwaka Qisas; [ni itegeko riha uburenganzira abantu bwo gusaba guhanisha umuntu igihano gisa cyangwa gihwanye n’ubugome yakorewe n’undi muntu cyangwa akaba yamubabarira, cyangwa agasaba guhabwa Diya (impozamarira y’amafaranga atangirwa amaraso yamenywe)]. Ariko uwo muzungura ntazarengere muri icyo gikorwa cyo kwihorera yica- uwamwiciye umuntu- [ngo agire undi muntu yica amuhoye ubusa]. Mu by’ukuri iyo [gahunda yo guhora] azayifashwamo [na gahunda y’amategeko yashiriweho ya Kisilamu (Sura al-Isra' 17:33). (Raba kandi: Sura al-An'am 6:151c).

Ntimukice abana banyu kubera gutinya ubukene, kubera ko ari Twe tubagaburira Tukagaburira n’abo bana banyu; - ntimukegere ahakorerwa ibyaha by’urukozasoni [nk’ubusambanyi n’ibindi nka byo] byaba ibikorerwa ahagaragara cyangwa ibikorerwa mu bwihisho. Mu by’ukuri ukubica ni icyaha gikomeye (Sura al-Isra' 17:31). (Raba kandi: Sura al-An'am 6:151b).

Uyu murongo urimwo kandi ugukorora inda y’abana udashaka. Intumbero yavyo atari iyo kuvugwa ni igwirirana ry’aba Islamu kw’isi biciye mu kuvyara abana benshi.

Abanyamategeko b’amashure y’amategeko ya Islamu bashizeho urutonde rw’uburenganzira, ibikorwa n’ibihano babikuye muri iyo mirongo, irimwo no kwiyumvira k’umwicanyi, umwicanyi atahaswe, atazi ivyo kwica ndetse yatsindanishirijwe n’uguhorerwa biciye mu gusesa amaraso canke mu ntambara nyeranda (§ 204). Ingingo z’umuntu akura muri Codex y’ubugizi bwa nabi muri Irani zerekana ishirwaho ry’itegeko rya Islamu muri iki gihe.

Nyuma yo kwiyumvira umwicanyi, Imam arashobora kurekurira uwiciwe kwihora mu kwica uwamwiciye canke uwatumye habaho ubwicanyi (§ 205).

Iyo umugabo w’umu Islamu yishe umugore w’umu Islamu afise intumbero, umwe mu bakomoka mu muryango w’uwo mugore afise uburenganzira bwo guhorera amaraso yiwe ategerezwa kuriha icakabiri c’amafaranga yo guhorera uwishe uwo mugore kandi ayo mafaranga akabanza guhabwa uwo mugabo ubwa mbere (kuko muri Islamu, abagore imbere y’amategeko bangana n’icakabiri c’umugabo, ariko iyo uwishe ategerezwa kwicwa nawe afatwa incuro zibiri nk’uwo mugore yishwe § 209)!

Iyo aba Islamu bagiye hamwe bakica umu Islamu, uwufise uburenganzira bwo kwihora ashobora kubica bose yishizemwe kwica, ariko ategerezwa kubanza gutanga igice c’ikiguzi c’amaraso kuko ukwihora kwiwe kurenze ukwo umuntu wabo yishwe (§ 212 na 213).

Ukwiyumvira umwicanyi bishobora gucirirwa urubanza biciye mukwihana k’umwicanyi canke intahe y’ivyabona bibiri (§ 232 na 237).

Mu gihe co kwikeka umwicanyi ntushobore kuvyerekana, igikorwa kibandanya biciye mu kurahira incuro 50. Ababa bariko bararahira izo ndahiro bategerezwa kuba bahuye n’uwubarahiza ndetse n’abagabo bakuze. Bishitse bakaba ari abagabo badashika 50 barekuriwe kurahira, umwe wese muribo ashobora kurahira indahiro irenga imwe gushika izo ndahiro zose hamwe zikwiriye 50. Ariko iyo atawujejwe ivy’amategeko wo mw’uwo muryango ahari, uwujejwe amategeko ubwiwe arashobora kurahira indahiro 50 niho yabo ari umugore (§ 248).

Ukwiyumvira umwicanyi bimukwegera kwihora. Ariko ibi birashobora gusubirirwa no gutanga amahera y’amaraso yasheshwe akaba ashobora kuba menshi canke make kurusha igiciro c’uwishwe iyo uwihora n’uwiciwe bavyumvikanyeko.

4. Ukwica abatari aba Islamu

Umuntu wese yokwiyumvira ku mirongo yanditse muri Korowani ndetse n’amategeko avamwo asanga itegeko ribabuza kwica aba Islamu gusa. Ariko none abayuda, abakristo, abasenga imizimu n’abatizera bakingiwe gute mu bihugu vy’aba Islamu? Kuko abayuda n’abakristo baba mu bihugu vy’aba Islamu bakingirwa n’aba Islamu (Ahl al-Dhimmah), hari uko ubuzima n’amatungo yabo bikingirwa. Ariko iyo bagiranye ingorane, habaye isanganya canke bakabikeka ko bishe umuntu, intahe y’ivyabona bibiri vy’aba Islamu ikuraho intahe y’abayuda n’abakristo bose naho boba bari mu kuri. Umu Islamu yishe umuyuda canke umukristo kenshi ntiyicwa, ahubwo arashimirwa. Ikumirwa ry’abayuda, abakristo canke iyindi migwi y’inkehwa mu buzima bwa misi yose bw’aba Islamu bibabaza umutima naho mu majambo gusa amategeko yabaha umwidegemvyo.

Ukubaho kw’abasenga imva canke ibigirwamana, abapagani, abatizera canke amadini y’ubwoko nk’uko biri mu bihugu vyinshi muri Afrika canke Asiya kuratandukanye. Itegeko riboneka neza rya Allah incuro zitanu muri Korowani rikora kuri bo:

Mubice aho muri bubasanze hose (Suras al-Baqara 2:191 [twice]; al-Nisa' 4:89, 91; al-Tawba 9:5).

Itegeko rya Allah ryo kwica ntiriri mw’itegeko ry’uwakoze nabi muri Islamu. Kwica uwutizera biboneka ubwa nyuma nk’igikorwa co kwihora kuko abasenga imizimu batemeye kubwo gushaka Islamu. Ariko mu gihe bemeye Islamu, babaho bakingiwe n’itegeko ryerekeye inkozi z’ibibi rya Islamu.

Nimba Shari’a ikoreshwa igice canke igakurikizwa neza muri Nijeriya canke mu bindi bihugu vyo muri Afrika y’uburengero, bisigura ko 40% vy’abakristo bazoba bakumiriwe. Birashoboka ko urudandaza rw’abaja ruzotera imbere canke 20% vy’abasenga imizimu baba muri Afrika y’uburengero bicwe. Bishobora gusigura ko uburere bwo mu bugaragwa bwo muri Sahara y’epfo bazohatirwa guhitamwo Islamu canke urupfu, kuko kubwa Korowani ariryo hitamwo gusa kubasenga imizimu. Aba Islamu b’incabwenge bazogerageza ndetse banacereze intagondwa kugira ngo Shari’a ntivugwe intambwe ku yindi gutyo ntihabe imipfunda yabahakanyi bava muri Reta zunze ubumwe za Amerika hamwe n’Uburayi.

5. Ukwihora igikomere canke ugucibwa amaguru n’amaboko

Ukwihora canke amaraso y’ukwihora ntibikorwa gusa igihe umuntu yapfuye ariko kandi no mugihe yakomeretse yaba yakomerekejwe n’ibigirankana canke bishitse giturumbuka. Harinze haseseka amaraso, hategerezwa kubaho ukwihora.

Twabategetsemo ko umuntu uzica undi, nawe azicwa, ijisho rizahorerwa irindi, izuru rihorerwe irindi, ugutwi guhorerwe ukundi, iryinyo rizahorerwe irindi, ko kandi hazajya hanabaho guhora igihe habayeho gukomeretsanya. Uzababarira uwo yagombaga guhora [ntabe agikorerwe nk’ibyo yakorewe], ibyo bizaba bimubereye impongano [atangiye ibyaha bye bityo Allah abimuhanagureho]. (Sura al-Ma'ida 5:45).

Bagendeye kuri iri tegeko, itegeko ryo ku nkozi z’ibibi muri Irani ritegeka:

Igihe cose umuntu aciwe ukuguru canke ukuboko n’ibigirankana canke agakomeretswa n’ibigirankana canke batabitegekanya, ashobora guhabwa uburenganzira n’umucamanza bwo gukomeretsa uwabimukoreye nko kumwihora.

Ingingo z’umubiri zakuweko zitegerezwa kuba zimwe mw’itegeko, akamaro n’aho izo ngingo zakuriweko ubwa mbere. Uwo yihora ntategerezwa kwica uwakomerekeje gusa. Igikorwa c’ukwihora ntigitegerezwa kubabaza kurusha igihano (§ 272).

Iyo uwugendesha imodoka agonze umuntu agenda n’amaguru, bigasaba ko ukuguru kwiwe gucibwa, uwo yagonzwe ashobora gusaba ko ukuguru nk’uko nyene k’uwo yari atwaye umuduga nawe gucibwa. Ariko iyo ukuguru k’uwo agendesha imodoka gufise igikomere, ico gikomere gitegerezwa kubanza gukira imbere y’uko acibwa ukuguru.

Igikomere kiba nk’igikorwa co kwihora gitegerezwa kuba mu kibanza kimwe kandi kingana n’ic’uwakomerekejwe n’uburemere bwaco ari bumwe. Rimwe na rimwe, aho igikomere ca mbere kigera hategerezwa kubanza gupimwa kugira uwihora ntagire kinini canke gito (§ 276 na 279).

Kuko ubushuhe canke imbeho bishobora gutuma igikomere candukirwa, ukwihora bikorwa gusa igihe hari ubushuhe bugereranye. Uwatumye habaho gukomereka ubwa mbere ntababazwa kurusha ivyo nawe yakoze (§ 281 na 282). Iyo umuntu afise ijisho rimwe agendesheje ikinga akagonga umuntu w’amaguru bigashika ijisho ryiwe rikavayo, uwo yakomerekejwe agenda n’amaguru arafise uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko iryo rindi jisho uwo muntu asigaranye naryo nyene rikurwamwo (§ 283).

Iyo umu Islamu aciye igice c’ugutwi kw’uwundi mu Islamu, maze agaca igisubizako ningoga, uburenganzira bwo kwihora bugumaho (§ 287).

Iyo umuntu akomerekeje izuru ry’uwundi, uwo yakomerekejwe arashobora gusaba kwihora naho uwamukomerekeje yoba atamoterwa (§ 289).

Iyo umuntu aciye ururimi rw’uwundi canke iminwa, ukwihora gutegerezwa kuba kumwe mu kibanza no kurugero rumwe (§ 290).

Iyo umu Islamu ahongoye iryinyo ry’uwundi (igice canke ryose), ukwihora gutegerezwa kuba kumwe (§ 291).

Uru rutonde rw’amabi rutegerewa kubandanya ruturutse mu mashure y’amategeko y’aba Sunni. Ruhuye n’uko aba Islamu batahura itegeko: ijisho kurindi, iryinyo kurindi!

6. Gutanga amafaranga y’amaraso yasesetse hako wihora

Dushime Imana kuko Muhamedi yari yaramenye ko imbabazi zo kw’isi zibonekera mu gushitsa ivyagezwe canke kuvyanka. Muhamedi yari umudandaza ndetse aca akoresha itegeko rya kera ry’aba Semite kubijanye n’amafaranga y’amaraso muri Islamu maze aca avyita “imbabazi za Allah” kuba Islamu.

Ntibyemewe ko Umuyisilamu yakwica undi muyisilamu [mugenziwe kubwende] kiretse bimugwiriye nk’impanuka. Nuwishe Umuyisilamu bimugwiriye nk’impanuka, abohora umuyisilamu w’umucakara akanatanga diya [icyiru] ayihaye abazungura b’uwo [muntu wishwe], kereka iyo ari abo [bazungura be] bamubabariye bakayimurekera nka sadaka [bamuhaye]. Iyo [uwishwe by’impanuka] akomoka mu bantu babanzi banyu [abahakanyi babagwanya] we ari umuyisilamu; icyo gihe [uwishe] ahanishwa kubohora umucakara w’umuyisilamu gusa [kuko uwishwe ntabamuzungura bemewe na Shariya aba afite ngo ahabwe diya]. [Ariko niba uwishwe] akomoka mu bantu [b’abahakanyi] mufitanye amasezerano [y’amahoro]; icyo gihe abazungura be bahabwa diya [icyiru], hakanabohorwa umucakara w’umuyisilamu. [Ariko uwishe] iyo adashobora kubona [umucakara wo kubohora] akora sawumu kumara igihe cy’amezi abiri akurikirana mu rwego rwo kwicuza no kwihana imbere ya Allah. Kandi Allah ni ‘Aliimun [Umumenyi uzi neza buri kintu], Hakiimun [Isoko y’ubuhanga n’ubwenge]. (Sura al-Nisa' 4:92).

Iyo mirongo yerekeje ku mafaranga y’amaraso ndetse n’incungu aho uwatumye uwundi akomereka ategerezwa guha amahera umuryango yaba amukomerekeje atabishaka canke yamwishe atabishaka (§ 295).

Mu bihe bimwe bimwe naho hoba kwikeka umwicanyi ubwa mbere canke gukomeretsa, ukwihora gutegerezwa gukurwaho mu buryo bw’amafaranga y’amaraso mu gihe umuryango w’uwishwe canke yakomerekejwe uvyemeye biciye mu nyandiko. Ariko naho yoba umwe wo mu muryango avyanse, amasezerano ntaco amara kandi igikorwa co kwihora gica gishirwa mu ngiro (§ 257).

Urugero rw’amafaranga y’amaraso yokuriha k’umugabo akuze ni rumwe kuba Shite n’aba Sunni. Umuryango wegwa ushobora guhitamwo inzira zishoboka zokurihwa. Iyo ari umugabo w’umu Islamu atunze, ashobora kuriha ibi bikurikira:

Ingamiya 100 zitagira agasimbwa kandi zikomeye kandi zitonze canke

Inka 200 zitagira agasemba kandi zikomeye kandi zitonze;

Intama 1000 zitagira agasembwa kandi zikomeye;

Impuzu 200 nziza z’aba Yemeni;

Idenariyo nziza 1000, imw’imwe ipima amagarama 3.6 y’izahabu (§ 297).

Amafaranga y’amaraso k’umugore igihe yiketsweko ubwa mbere canke akica atabishaka ni ica kabiri c’amafaranga y’amaraso y’umugabo (§ 300). Iri tegeko ryerekana ikindi gikorwa c’akarenganyo ku bakenyezi kuvy’amategeko.

Amafaranga y’amaraso ku bayuda canke abakristo bishwe ategerezwa kuba ica gatatu c’umugabo w’umu Islamu. Ariko yaba yarishwe canke atarishwe ni ikindi kibazo!

Iyo umuntu adashobora gutanga amafaranga y’amaraso, umuryango wiwe utegerezwa kuyamutangira. Bigirwa ahanini n’abavyeyi buwatumye habaho gukomeretsa canke abavukanyi bo ku ruhande rwa se wiwe bisunze uburenganzira bwabo bwo gutorana (§ 307).

Iyo umuganga atumye umuntu apfa mu gihe ariko aramuvura, abiharugwako haba no mu gihe umugwayi avuze ko vyatewe n’imiti (§ 310).

Iyo umuntu apakiye ibintu vyinshi akagonga uwundi maze uwo agonzwe agakomereka canke agapfa, uwamutabaye canke umuryango wiwe uhabwa amafaranga y’amaraso (§ 324). Umuryango niwo uvuga irya nyuma kuvy’amafaranga y’amaraso yorihwa.

7. Igiciro c’amafaranga y’amaraso yorihwa

Amafaranga yose ategerezwa kurihwa mu bihe bikurikira:

Iyo umushatsi canke ubwanwa bw’umugabo bwakuweho mu nzira nkiyo ntibwongere gukura (§ 368);

Iyo amaso yiwe yose yononekaye (§ 375);

Iyo izuru ryose ryacitse (§ 380);

Iyo amatwi yose yavuyeko (§ 386);

Iyo iminwa canke ururimi vyose vyacitse (§ 391 und 396);

Iyo iryinyo ryavuyeyo canke igice kiboneka kikamanyuka (§ 408 und 410) nko mw’isanganya ry’umuduga)!

Iyo izosi ry’umuntu ryahetamye bitewe n’ugukomereka (§ 412);

Iyo umuntu yavuyeko iminwa yose (§ 415);

Iyo amaboko yose yacitse gushika kugikonjo atampamvu (§ 418);

Iyo umuntu yacitse intoke cumi canke amano cumi mw’isanganya (§ 424);

Iyo uruti rw’umugongo rwacitse kandi amaguru akamugara (§ 430 na 432);

Iyo amatengatwa aviriyeko mu mwanya umwe (§ 435);

Iyo amagufa y’ibitugu vyose yavunitse (§ 438);

Iyo imyenge y’amatwi yose (§ 449), imbone z’amaso yose (§ 457) ndetse n’ibituma umuntu amoterwa vyose vyononekaye (§ 462).

Ivyo bikomere vyavuzwe aho hejuru ku mugore basaba ica kabiri c’indishi y’umugabo w’umu Islamu (§ 301). Iyo uwakomerekejwe ari umukristo canke umuyuda, hatangwa gusa ibice 33% vy’amahera yose yategerezwa kurihwa.

8. Ibihe bidasanzwe

Ica gatatu c’amafaranga y’amaraso ategerezwa kurihwa:

Iyo ubwanwa bw’umugabo budasubiriye gukura bitewe n’imiti bamuvuje canke igikomere (§ 368c).

Ica kabiri c’amafaranga y’amaraso gitegerezwa kurihwa iyo ingohe zo h’epfo z’amaso (kubera isanganya canke imiti yavujwe) zitegerezwa gukurwako. Ica gatatu gitegerezwa kurihwa ku ngohe zo hejuru (§ 379).

Iyo umwenge umwe w’izuru wononekaye, ica gatatu c’amafaranga y’amaraso gitegerezwa kurihwa (§ 384), kugira bakureko umwenge w’izuru, ica kabiri c’amafaranga y’amaraso gitegerezwa kurihwa (§ 385).

Iyo ibice vyo hanze vy’amatwi bikuweko, ica gatatu c’amafaranga yose gitegerezwa kurihwa naho uwakomerekejwe yokwongera kugisubizako (§ 287 and 388).

Iyo iryinyo ry’umwana rivuyeyo ku buryo ritazosubira kumera, igiciro cose c’amafaranga y’amaraso gitegerezwa kurihwa. Ariko iyo risubiriye gukura, amafaranga y’amaraso kuri uwo mwana yari yakuwemwo iryinyo aca aba ingamiya imwe (§ 409).

Iyo amagufa y’ukuboko canke ukuguru avunitse, amafaranga y’amaraso ni ica gatanu c’agaciro k’igufa (§ 442).

Indishi zikurikira zitegerezwa gutangwa ku bijanye no gukomeretsa mu mutwe canke mu maso:

igikomere kitavishije amaraso- ingamiya imwe;

igikomere catumye umubiri ukomereka gato – ingamiya zibiri;

umubiri wakomeretse cane– ingamiya zitatu;

igikomere cashitse no kwigufa – ingamiya zine;

igikomere cashitse ku mubiri no ku magufa – ingamiya zitanu;

igikorwa cavunye igufa ryo hepfo niyo atagikomere coba kiboneka – ingamiya cumi;

igikomere gishobora kuvugwa igihe gusa bashubijemwo igufa- ingamiya cumin na zitanu;

gukomeretsa umutwe gushika k’ubwonko – ica gatatu c’amafaranga y’amaraso canke ingamiya 33;

igikomere c’umushishito, izosi, umugongo canke ikindi gice bitewe n’icuma- ica gatatu c’amahera yose;

iyo icuma catumye umuntu akomereka giserutse no kurundi ruhande, bibiri vya bitatu vy’amahera yose bitegerezwa kurihwa. Aha harimwo no kurashisha inkoho (§ 482);

iyo wishe akana gasigaje indwi umuna kavuke, amafaranga yose y’amaraso ategerezwa kurihwa iyo ari umuhungu, ica kabiri c’amafaranga iyo ari umukobwa, ica kane iyo ari navyompi (§ 487/6).

Iyo umugore akoroye inda maze akana kagapfa, ategerezwa kuriha se wako amafaranga y’amaraso hisunzwe urugero rw’ugukura ako kana kari kagezeko, ariko we ntaco bamugira (§ 489).

Uru rutonde rw’ibikomere canke ivyononywe bishobora gusomwa mu buryo bwagutse mu mategeko y’inkozi z’ibibi ya Irani. Uwuteje imodoka isanganya, agasatira uwundi igihe co gushwana, akabifata minenegwe ategerezwa kuriha amafaranga y’amaraso mu buryo atokwihanganira. Iyo ayo mahera adatanzwe, haca habaho ukwihora ariko kudashobora kurenga igikomere ca mbere n’uko cangana, ububabare canke ingaruka.

9. Ukwihora gukurwaho biciye muri Yesu Kristo

Umwami n’Umucunguzi wacu yakuyeho yongera arengera itegeko ryo kwihora. Yavuze

Mwarumvise ko vyavuzwe (Kuv 21:24): ngw’Ijisho rihorwe irindi, n’iryinyo rihorwe irindi; ariko jeho ndababwire: Ntimurwanye umunyakibi: ugukubise urushi mu musaya w’iburyo umuhindukirize n’uwundi (Mat 5:38-39).

Mwarumvise ko vyavuzwe (Lew 19:18): ngo mukunde bagenzi banyu, mwanke abansi banyu. Ariko jeho ndababwire: Mukunde abansi banyu, musabire ababahama, kugira ngo mube abana ba So wo mw’ijuru, kukw’atuma izuba ryiwe rirasira ababi n’abeza, kand’aha imvura abagororotsi n’abagabitanya (Mat 5:43-45).

Yesu Kristo ntiyabujije kwihora gusa ariko kandi yishizeko ibibi kandi abineshesha ukwizera, urukundo n’ivyizigiro vyo mu kimazi ciwe catangiwe ku musaraba.

Yesu yapfuye mu gishingo c’abanyavyaha n’inkozi z’ibibi zose. Yujuje ivyo amategeko yose yasaba mu kuba incungu, mu gutanga amaraso ndetse no guhorerwa. Urubanza rw’ibikorwa bibi vy’umuntu wese rwagiye kuri we. Yatugiriye mu gishingo- ndetse no mu gishingo c’abansi bacu! Yahwamitse uburake bw’Imana, ababarishwa igihano cacu kandi yitangira ibigabitanyo vyacu. Amaraso yiwe niyo ncungu yacu. Guhera none turi abidegemvya ku nkomezi z’ukwihorwa.

Dufise uburenganzira n’igikorwa co guharira abansi bacu bose ikibi cose badukoreye. Dutegerezwa kubakunda bose nk’uko Yesu yadukunze.

Maze Petero aza kuri we, aramubwira, ati Mushingantahe, incuti yanje ni yangirira nabi, nzomuharira ngeze kangahe? Ngeze indwi? Yesu aramubwira, ati Jeho sinkubwira yuk’ugeza indwi, arik’ugeze indwi-indwi gushitsa ibihetangabo mirongwirindwi (Mat 18:21-22). (raba kandi: Luk 17:4; Ef 4:32).

Kuko ni mwaharira abantu ivyaha vyabo, na So wo mw’ijuru azobaharira namwe. Ariko ni mutaharira abantu ivyaha vyabo, na So wo mw’ijuru na we ntazobaharira ivyaha vyanyu (Mat 6,14-15).

Intumwa Paulo ashinga intahe ati: Abo nkunda, ntimwihorane, ariko muhe uburyo uburake bw’Imana: Kuko handitswe, ng’Uguhora n’ukwanje, ni jewe nzobasubiriza mu nkoko, ni k’Uhoraho agize. Ariko, Umwansi wawe ni yasonza, umugaburire, ni yagira inyota, umuhe ic’anywa: Kuko ni wagira utyo, uzoba umurunzekw’amakara yaka ku mutwe. Ikibi coye kukunesha, yamara ikibi ukinesheshe iciza (Rom 12:19-21).

Turashimira Umwami Yesu kuko yaduhaye kwidegemvya adukuyeko ukwihora maze aduha ubuntu bwo guharira burundu ndetse n’imbaraga zo gukunda abansi bacu!

7.04 -- Igihano c’ukunywa ibiboreza

Muri Korowani, hari intambwe idasanzwe y’itegeko ry’uwakoze ikibi co kunywa vino. Ubwa mbere Muhamedi yavuga ko vino irimwo ibibi n’ivyiza:

Barakubaza kubirebana no kunywa inzoga no gukina urusimbi. Babwire uti: Muri ibyo byombi harimo ibyaha bikomeye ariko kandi hakabamo n’inyungu nyinshi abantu babikuramo, ariko [uburemere bw’] icyaha babikuramo buruta kure inyungu zibivamo. Baranakubaza ibyo batanga uko bikwiriye kuba bingana? Babwire uti: Ni ikitabaremereye cyose, kandi kiba kirenga ku ibyo mukena. Uko niko Allah abasobanurira neza imirongo y’ibyahishuwe [bye] kugira ngo mushobore gutekereza, (Sura al-Baqara 2,219).

Mu nyuma Muhamedi aca ababuza kuyinywa iyo bagiye mu masengesho asanzwe azwi:

Yemwe abemeye mwe! Mwitonde ntimukegere swala mwataye ubwenge [cyangwa hari ibindi bituma mudatekereza neza] kugeza igihe muzaba mushobora kumenya ibyo muvuga, cyangwa mufite Janaba keretse abari ku rugendo, kugeza mwiyuhagiye, - (Sura al-Nisa' 4,43).

Mu kurangiza, Muhamedi aca abuza uburyo bwose bwotuma banywa vino:

Yemwe abemeye mwe! Mu by’ukuri inzoga, gukina urusimbi, gusenga amashusho, n’imyambi bakoresha bakora tombora, ibi byose by’umwanda biterwa na shitani, nuko rero mujye mubyirinda kugira muzarokoke. 91 Mwumvire Allah munumvire n’Intumwa (Sal-Allaahu ‘alayhi Wa Aalih Wa Sallam), kandi mwirinde [kuzajya munyuranya n’amategeko yabo]. Nimuramuka musubiye inyuma, mumenyeko ntayindi nshingano Intumwa yacu yahawe uretse iyo gusohoza ubutumwa busobanutse. [Kandi iyo imaze kubugeza kubo bugomba kugeraho, icyo gihe umugayo nibo usigaraho]? (Sura al-Ma'ida 5:90-91).

Abahinga muvy’amashure atandukanye y’amategeko ya Shari’a ya Islamu bashizeho amategeko atandukanye bayakuye muri iyo mirongo yo muri Korowani. Amategeko yo muri Irani arimwo izi ngingo zikurikira:

Ukunywa ibiboreza usohoye amahera make canke menshi, vyaba biboreza canke bitaboreza, vyaba ivyemewe canke bivanze bihanwa hisunzwe igihano had. Vino n’ibiyeri navyo birabujijwe.

Uwabinyoye ategerezwa kwatura incuro zibiri ko yanyoye vino canke iyo aba Islamu bamubonye neza, intahe zigahuza n’umwanya canke ikibanza yarimwo bategerezwa kwemeza ko yayinyoye.

Igihano co kuyinywa ni kimwe haba ku bagabo canke abagore, inkoni 80. Abatari aba Islamu bahanishwa gusa inkoni 8 iyo banyweye ibiboreza k’umugaragaro.

Ukumukubita bitegerezwa kuba igihe ataborewe.

Uwisubirije kunywa vino incuro zitatu ategerezwa guca yicwa.

Ariko iyo uwo yazinyoye yerekanye ko bimubabaje kuba yanyoye ibiboreza imbere y’uko ivyabona bibimwagiriza, ntibamukubita!

7.05 -- Ibihano vyo kuva muri Islamu

Korowani ntiyerekana neza ico ivuga ku bijanye n’igihano c’umu Islamu avuye muri Islamu. Aba Hanbalite bisunga imirongo indwi ya Korowani kugira bashigikire amategeko yabo, aba Shafi’ites umurongo umwe gusa, aba Hanafites n’aba Malakites ntan’umwe bisunga! Ibi bisigura ko itegeko ry’urufatiro kuvyo guhana uwuvuye muri Islamu ridafise uburemere.

1. Zimwe mu nsiguro za Korowani kuvyo kuva muri Islamu:

Mu by’ukuri abahakanye bagapfa ari abahakanyi, abo bafite umuvumo [n’umugayo] bya Allah, uw’Abamalayika, ndetse n’uw’abantu bose. 162 Bazaguma muri uwo [muvumo n’umugayo bizatuma bahabwa igihano cy’umuriro] bazabamo ubuzira herezo. Ntabwo bazagabanirizwa ibihano. Kandi ntibazahabwa amahwemo. (Sura al-Baqara 2:161-162).

Kandi umuntu wese muri mwe uzava mu idini rye agapfa ari umuhakanyi, abo ibikorwa byabo byiza bazaba barakoze ku isi bizaba bibaye impfabusa ku Munsi w’imperuka, kandi abo ni abo mu muriro, bazawubamo ubuzira herezo. (Sura al-Baqara 2:217c).

Abemeye, bakongera bakava mu kwizera, hama bakongera kwemera baguma bagwa babyuka barushiriza kongeraho ukutizera, - Allah ntabwo azabaharira cyangwa ngo anabayoborere mu inzira (Sura al-Nisa' 4:137).

Bwira abahakanyi ko nibarekeraho [kugwanya Intumwa bakinjira Isilamu], ibyaha bakoraga byahise bazabikurwaho. Ariko nibaramuka basubiye [muri ubwo bukozi bw’ibibi bwabo, Tuzabahana]. Mu by’ukuri bafite ikitegererezo bashobora gukura ku ibyabaye ku [bahakanyi] babayeho mbere yabo. (Sura al-Anfal 8:38).

Ntimugire icyo aricyo cyose mwitwaza; rwose mwamaze kugaragaza ubuhakanyi bwanyu [mwahishaga] nyuma y’uko mwari mwaragaragaje ko muri abemera [ariko mubesha]. Nitugira bamwe muri mwe tubabarira [kubera ko bisubiyeho bakihana], hari abandi [muri mwe] Tuzahana kubera ubukozi bw’ibibi bwabo. (Sura al-Tawba 9:66).

Umuntu wese uhakana Allah nyuma y’uko aba yaramaze kuba Umuyisilamu [uwo aba ategerejwe n’ibihano bikomeye], keretse wenda uwaba yabihatiwe ariko imbere mu mutima we anyuzwe no kuba Umuyisilamu. Ariko abakingurira imitima yabo ubuhakanyi [bagashishikariza n’abandi kwanga Ubuyisilamu] bazagerwaho n’uburakari bwa Allah, kandi ibihano bazahabwa bizaba bikomeye cyane kandi bibabaza. (Sura al-Nahl 16:106).

Abo nibo bahakana ibyahishuwe bya Alla Umugenga wabo, bakanahakana ko bazahura na We [mu buzima bubaho nyuma y’ubu]. Bityo rero ibikorwa byabo bizafatwa nk’impfabusa, kandi [ku Munsi w’imperuka] nta buremere Tuzabiha (Sura al-Kahf 18:105). (Shafi'ites)

Kandi ariko nukuri ko wamaze kubihishurirwa [no kubimenyeshwa], n’abakubanjirije ko nimuramuka hari ibindi bintu ibyo aribyo byose [mwimitse nk’ibigirwamana] mukabibangikanya na Allah, nukuri icyo gihe imirimo yanyu yose mu buzima bwanyu bwose izaba ibabereye imfagusa [mwe kuzagira umusaruro muzayikuramo ku munsi w’urubanza], kandi nukuri muzaba mubaye bamwe mubahombye [ibyiza byose bituruka kuri Allah]. (Sura al-Zumar 39:65).

Umuntu wese yosoma iyo mirongo umunani yatowe muri Korowani n’abize ivy’amategeko b’aba Hanbalite kimwe n’iyindi mirongo ya Korowani, asangamwo izi nyigisho zikurikira:

Allah yaravumye abava muri Islamu. Uburake bwiwe buguma kuri bo (Sura al-Baqara 2 :161 ; Al 'Imran 3 :87 ; al-Nahl 16 :106 n’iyindi mirongo).

Ibikorwa vyabo vyiza ntaco bizomara ku musi w’urubanza (Sura al-Baqara 2 :217 ; al-Kahf 18 :105 ; al-Zumar 39 :65 n’iyindi mirongo).

Allah ntazosubira kubaharira canke ngo abarongore shiti bagarutse muri Islamu (Suras Al 'Imran 3 :89-90 ; al-Nisa' 4 :137 ; al-Anfal 8 :38 n’iyindi mirongo).

Igihano co muri Gihonomu kirabategereje (Suras al-Baqara 2:162,217; Al 'Imran 3:88; al-Nahl 16:106 n’iyindi mirongo).

Korowani ivuga kandi:

Uburyarya mu nzira yo guhakana Islamu buremewe mu gihe c’intambara (Sura al-Nahl 16:106).

Uwuvuye muri Islamu aba yanse urupfu rusanzwe (Sura al-Baqara 2:217c).

Umuntu avuye muri Islamu akagwanya Muhamedi aba yaramaze guhanwa mu buzima bwiwe (Sura al-Tawba 9:66).

Ntana hamwe muri Korowani havuga ko uwuvuye muri Islamu akurikiranwa, apfungwa canke ngo yicwe! Nta tegeko ry’urufatiro rivyerekana muri Korowani!!!!!

2. Ama hadiths yo kwibazako

Kuko ataho Korowani yerekana neza ko aba Islamu bavuye muri Islamu bategerezwa gupfungwa, abahinga muvy’amategeko ya Islamu bagerageje kurondera imvo zo kubacira imanza mu migenzo (hadiths) ya Muhamedi. Basanzemwo imirongo ibiri idafashe hamwe n’ama hadiths atari ayo kwizera.

Iya mbere iva kuri “Auzal” uvuga ko Muhamedi yavuze: Ukwica umugabo w’umu Islamu ntivyemewe kiretse mu biringo bitatu: Kubera ubusambanyi, mu gihe c’ukwihora (ubugingo ku bundi) no mugihe avuye mw’idini canke mu kibano c’ivy’idini.

Umugenzo udafashe wa kabiri ukomoka “Ikrima Maula b. Abbas” yavuze ko Muhamedi yatomoye neza: “Mwice uwo wese ahinduye idini ryiwe!”

3. Insiguro yo guhindura idini

Abahinga b’amashure ane y’amategeko begeranije urutonde atari ruto bisunze izo hadiths zibiri hamwe n’imirongo yo muri Korowani yanditse aho hejuru, aho bagerageje gusigura uwavuye muri Islamu ndetse n’ukuntu akwiye gucirirwa urubanza no guhanwa.

Umu Islamu wese afatwa ko yavuye muri Islamu iyo avuze ko hambavu ya Allah hari izindi mana (nka Data, Umwana na Mpwemu Yera). Umuntu wese yatuye gutyo nk’umu Islamu ntaba yavuye muri Islamu gusa ariko kandi aba arogose birenze urugero. Ibi biravugwa kandi no k’umu Islamu avuga ko Allah yaremwe nk’ikindi kintu cose canke avuga ngo Allah yoba ameze uku canke kurya.

Umuntu wese akekeranya Korowani, igice cayo canke mbere kamwe mu majambo 78,090 nk’umu Islamu canke agacafuza no guturira Korowani abishatse, akayishira mw’ivu hasi, akayisoma afise intoke zicafuye afatwa nk’uwavuye muri Islamu.

Umu Islamu wese yemera intumwa nshasha inyuma ya Muhamedi, avuma Muhamedi, amuvuga nabi, avuga intege nke canke ubugwayi vyiwe canke agakekeranya k’umugaragaro ukurusha ubumenyi n’ubwenge vyiwe vyo kurugero rwo hejuru, aba yamaze kuva muri Islamu.

Umu Islamu wese akekeranije ku mategeko ya Shari’a kubw’amashure ane y’aba Orthodox, yanse rimwe mu mategeko yahurijweko burundu n’amashure ane canke akavuga ko ikintu kibujijwe cemewe afatwa nk’uwavuye mw’idini.

Umuntu wese avuga nabi intumwa za Allah, akekeranya k’ubutumwa bwazo canke akabacokora- uwo wese avuga ko imishaha izokwimuka canke akavuga ko isi izokwamaho ibihe bidashira agahakana ukuzuka kw’abapfuye azofatwa nk’uwavuye mw’idini.

Amashure atandukanye y’amategeko afise urutonde ruhuye n’ico gihe rugatanga insiguro zidaharurika z’umuntu vy’ukuri yavuye muri Islamu n’uko yohanwa.

4. Uguhinduka no kwicwa k’uwahindutse

Amashure 4 yose y’amategeko yamerenije ko uwahemutse kuri Islamu yaba uwudegemvya canke umuja, ashobora gusa gufungwa iyo yemeye ko yihakanye Islamu imbere y’uko umucamanza canke ivyabona vy’ukuri bibiri vy’aba Islamu bavyemeza.

Kubera mu bihugu vyinshi vy’aba Islamu, kuva muri Islamu bifatwa nko guhemeka kurenze urugero k’umuryango w’aba Islamu (Umma) kandi muri Reta ya Islamu nk’uko amategeko abivuga, nt’akamaro ko guha ikiringo uwavuye muri Islamu ngo ahindure ivyiyumviro imbere yo kumwica. Ariko kubwo ibintu bitandatu vy’ukwizera kw’aba Islamu n’ubutandakane bw’itegeko rya Islamu (Shari’a) n’amategeko yaryo y’ugusenga hamwe n’ubuzima bwa misi yose ko kuronka akaryo ko kubazwa ibibazo no kuvy’akekeranya, amashure y’ivy’amategeko hafi nka yose yahurije ku guha uwahindutse imisi itatu yaba uwidegemvya canke umuja yo kwihanamwo no kugaruka muri Islamu. Muri iyo misi nyene, aba ariko arigishwa ibintu vy’urufatiro vyo muri Islamu.

Uwahindutse wese akicuza icatumye asubira inyuma akatura ukwizera kwa Islamu ubugira kandi aca arekurwa vyihuta.

Iyo uwo ari uwukuze, akaguma aho aho ari, aca acibwa umutwe na Reta. Ariko uwo basanze yahenzwe n’ibigumbagumba ntapfungwa.

Kubera ko uburongozi bw’aba Islamu bigenga bwinshi bwanka gukurikiza iri tegeko rya Shari’a, aba Islamu basindabibazwa “brotherhood” canke abagize umuryango w’aba Islamu b’akame bahanira mw’ibanga abahindutse kubera umuryango wiyerekana nk’uwukomeye kurusha abanyedini basindabibazwa.

Abana b’uwahindutse bahabwa ba nyina babo b’aba Islamu imbere yuko uwahindukiye apfungwa. Nawe nyene aba afise uburenganzira bwo kwahukana n’umugabo wiwe yavuye muri Islamu.

Iyo ukuva muri Islamu k’uwo mu Islamu kwemejwe n’umucamanza w’umu Islamu, kubw’amashure menshi y’ivy’amategeko arakwa amatongo yiwe yose haba no muri Reta. Arakwa mbere n’uburenganzira bwo gutorana mu muryango. Ategerezwa gusubira muri Islamu imbere y’uko apfungwa kandi ukwihana kwiwe kwemewe arashobora gusubirana uburenganzira bwiwe bwose nk’aho atigeze ava muri Islamu.

Ukwizera k’uwahindutse canke indyarya guhindura ibikorwa vyiza vyiwe impfabusa ibihe bidashira. Umu Islamu yahemutse ashobora gusa kwitega igihano n’umubabaro k’umusi wa nyuma w’urubanza. Ivyiza vyose boba bakoreye Allah, Islamu canke bakavyikorera ubwabo bihinduka ubusa kubwo guhinduka kwabo. Bafatwa nk’inkwi za Gihonomu. Iyo uwahemutse yatuye Islamu imbere yo gupfungwa, ategerezwa gusubiramwo urugendo rweranda aja i Maka.

5. Uguhinduka kw’abagore b’aba Islamu bavuye muri Islamu

Aba Malikites, aba Shafi'ites n’aba Hanbalites bafise ivyiyumviro ko umugore w’umu Islamu canke umukobwa w’umu Islamu yaba uwidegemvya canke umuja, avuye muri Islamu abishaka bategerezwa guhanwa co kimwe n’umugabo w’umu Islamu yavuye muri Islamu. Atemeye kwihana inyuma y’imisi irenga itatu yo kwiyumvira ngo agaruke muri Islamu, ategerezwa gucibwa umutwe kandi ntatorana mu muryango.

Ariko aba Hanafites bandika ko ukwatura kw’umugore w’umu Islamu, uwidegemvya canke umuja yahakanye Islamu ntategerezwa kwicwa. Muhamedi yabujije kwica abagore canke abana. Ariko ategerezwa kwugaranwa agakubitwa inkoni 39 ku musi gushika agarutse muri Islamu. Ntayindi nzira aba afise atari ukwatura Islamu yihuta canke yakwe imfungurwa n’ivyo kunywa no gukubitwa gushika apfuye. Azobabazwa kugera agaruke muri Islamu abishatse canke ku nguvu.

Mu bihugu vy’aba Islamu bigenga, umugore w’umu Islamu yahemutse muri Islamu aca yahukana n’umugabo wiwe ndetse akagenda atakwitega ko azofashwa. Umuryango wiwe bwite ntuba ukimukingira. Basaza biwe bashobora kumugirira nabi gushika apfuye kuko aba ameze nk’uwuriko aronona urudandaza rwabo.

6. Igihano c’umwana yahemutse muri Islamu

Umwana arashobora kwemerwa nk’umu Islamu kuko Ali b. Abi Talib yavuzwe na Muhamedi ko ari umu Islamu afise imyaka itanu.

Aba Hanafites bavuga ko umwana avuye muri Islamu ntategerezwa kwicwa, ahubwo ahatirwa kwongera kwemera Islamu. Akuze mu mubiri no mu buryo bw’impwemu akabandanya ukwo guhemuka, aca yugaranwa. Integuro zose z’ubugeni zirakurwaho. Atakaza amatongo yiwe yose ndetse ntiyamerewe no gutorana mu muryango.

Aba Shafi'ites bashimangira ko umwana ategerezwa kwubaha abavyeyi biwe ndetse agahatirwa kwongera kwemera Islamu. Umuntu wese yavutse ari umu Islamu ategerezwa kuzokwama ari umu Islamu ibihe vyose.

Abana badaharurika mu bihugu vy’aba Islamu bize uko biyumvira biciye mu mashure ya none, ibitabu n’amareresi ndetse n’ubuhinga bwa none bazoja muri Gihonomu nk’uko abavyeyi kama n’abidegemvya bafitanye amatati n’ukwidegemvya kw’abanyaburayi n’itegeko rya Islamu. Ukuba sindabibazwa kw’aba Islamu b’intagondwa ni kugerageza ikigoye gukurikiza imigenzo ya Islamu bivuye kuba Islamu kama bo mu bihugu vy’i Burayi.

7. Igihano c’indyarya (zandaqa)

Uwutari umu Islamu yambara, avuga canke agakora nk’umu Islamu ariko akabikora gusa iyo ariko aradandadaza canke avuga ubutumwa, atavyo yizeye mu mutima aca yicwa vyihuse. Nta mwanya wokwihana ahabwa canke ngo yisubireko. Ahabwa amahirwe gusa yo kwatura Islamu ningoga agaca aheba idini yahora asengeramwo. Bitabaye uko aca yicwa. Abavugabutumwa bitwa “amabingira y’abakristo yiyambitse imyambaro y’aba Islamu”, babesha aba Islamu batazwi. Korowani ivuga itomoye ko kuyovya umuntu umukura muri Islamu ni bibi kurusha kwica (Suras al-Baqara 2:191,193,217; al-Anfal 8:39 n’iyindi mirongo).

8. Amategeko n’Ubutumwa Bwiza

Kukw’ikingera ca Mpwemu w’ubugingo bwo muri Kristo Yesu cancunguye ngo singanzwe n’icangera c’icaha n’ic’urupfu (Rom 8:2).

Intumwa Paulo ivuga mu vyete vyiwe ko ivyagezwe vya Mose canke Muhamedi gukomeza, guhinduka canke ngo akize abantu (Rom 3:20; Gal 2:16 n’iyindi mirongo). Ubwa mbere, amategeko aboneka nkayazana urutonde no gufasha. Ariko ubwa nyuma, ivyagezwe atsinda umuntu wese adashobora kuyitondera yose (Gal 3:10; Yak 2:10 n’iyindi mirongo).

Ivyagezwe vya Mose ni vyiza kandi biratunganye (Rom 7:12). Muhamedi yabikuyemwo ibintu vyinshi kugira bamwe bamwe bikeke ko Islamu ari akadumbidumbi k’abayuda, ndetse amategeko ya Muhamedi arimwo vyinshi vyo mu mategeko ya Torah.

Umuntu wese yironderera ukugororoka guciye mu kwitondera ivyagezwe, ntatirigane bizomukomeretsa. Ivyagezwe bitsinda umuntu wese adashobora kuvyitondera vyose. Ivyagezwe vy’umubiri biducira urubanza kandi ntaco bidushitsako atari urupfu ndetse no kwihakana Imana (Gus 27:26).

Ariko Yesu yazanye icagezwe gishasha. Ntiyakuyeko ivyagezwe vya kera ariko yaje kubishitsa (Mat 5:17-18). Yavuze:

Ni mukundane nk’uko nanje nabakunze (Yoh 13:34).

Yahinduye urukundo rwiwe akarorero k’urukundo rwacu. Yesu ubwiwe niwe cagezwe gisha cacu, nk’uko Muhamedi yahindutse akarorero k’aba Islamu bose biciye muri Sunna (ubuzima bwiwe). Si amadini abiri Islamu n’Ubukristo atemerana canke uburyo bubiri bw’ivyagezwe, ariko ni uko tubona abo bantu babiri. Muhamedi, naho biri uko azocirirwa urubanza na Kristo nk’uko natwe twese bizoba bimeze. Yesu yigishije:

Mwebwe ni mube agahore nk’uko So wo mw’ijuru ari agahore kandi mube abera nk’uko So wo mw’ijuru ari Uwera (Lew 19:2; Mat 5:48; Luk 6:36).

Twese twari dukwiye guca bugufi imbere y’urukundo rwa Kristo. Kubw’urukundo, yaduhuje n’Imana ku musaraba n’ivyagezwe vyiwe. Yatugize abidegemvya (2 Kor 5:19-21). Umwami Yesu, Imana rukundo yihinduye, yishizeko umuvumo w’ivyagezwe aduhindura abidegemvya kubw’icagezwe c’urukundo rwiwe. Uguhanagurwa ivyaha vyacu vyose biduha uburenganzira bwo guhabwa Mpwemu Yera wiwe (Ivy 1:8; Rom 5:1+5 n’iyindi mirongo)

Ata musaraba wa Kristo, Mpwemu Yera ntiyari kuza kubakurikira Yesu. Mpwemu Yera ni imbaraga z’Imana zidufasha gushitsa icagezwe c’urukundo rwa Kristo (Rom 8:1-14). Yesu ntiyahishuye gusa icagezwe gisha, ariko kandi yaduhaye uburenganzira n’imbaraga zo kuba mu cagezwe ciwe. Mpwemu wa Kristo niwe buzima bwacu, amahoro yacu n’umufasha wacu. Islamu ntizi Mpwemu Yera yaba muba Islamu. Muhamedi yahakanye ukubambwa kwa Kristo (Sura al-Nisa’ 4:157) kandi kubw’ivyo yitegurira ubwiwe hamwe n’aba Islamu boseigihano kitazoshira, nk’uko Korowani ibivuga neza ko aba Islamu bose bategerezwa kuzoja muri Gihonomu (Sura Maryam 19:71-72)!

Kubw’akameremere, abakristo si intungane kurusha aba Islamu. Ariko Yesu yarabahinduye nk’uko Muhamedi yabishingiye intahe mu buryo butangaje muri Korowani: Bakunda abansi babo, ntibishira hejuru kandi bakurikira Yesu mu bwizigirwa (Suras Al 'Imran 3:55; al-Ma'ida 5:46,82; al-Hadid 57:27 n’iyindi mirongo). Muhamedi yaramenye ukuri kw’ibitangaza vya Kristo ariko ntiyatahuye intumbero yavyo. Yabonye ko Yesu ashobora guhindura ingumyi mu bantu bakundana, ababi mu bakozi batunganye, abigungirako mu batunganye, bidaciye mu gutinya gushitsa ivyagezwe ariko biciye muri Mpwemu w’ubugingo ava mu mutima wa Yesu. Gukurikira Yesu ni ukwerekana ugushima Gologota (1 Yoh 4:19).

Umuntu wese yo kwiga amategeko k’ubugizi bwa nabi muri Islamu, urufatiro n’intumbero yayo bizohinduka ivyo kubabaza umutima kuko ni ikigoye ko umuntu yokoresha inguvu ziwe ngo aneshe ikibi biciye mu vyagezwe. Ariko ibi ni ukutama ivyamwa bijana mu kwihenda no kwongereza ububi. Umwe yabambwa gusa niwe nyishu kuba Islamu nk’uko tubisoma:

Kubw’urukundo Imana yakunze abari mw’isi,
rwatumye itanga Umwana wayo w’ikinege kugira ng’umwizera wese ntazopfe rubi,
ariko ahabwe ubugingo budashira

(Yoh 3:16).

Paulo, Intumwa mu mahanga yashingiye intahe ishitswa ry’iri sezerano: Kuk’urukundo rw’Imana rwasutswe hose mu mitima yacu na Mpwemu Yera twahawe (Rom 5:5b).

Intumwa Yohana yavuze muri make uku kuri muri aya majambo yivyo yaciyemwo: Imana ni urukundo, kand’uguma mu rukundo aguma mu Mana, Imana ikaguma muri we (1 Yoh 4:16).

7.06 -- UTUBAZO

Mwene Data musomyi!

Nimba wize aka gatabu neza cane, ushobora kwishura vyoroshe ibi bibazo bikurikira. Uwo wese yokwishura ku bice 90% ibibazo vyose biri muri utu dutabu indwi uko biri neza, ashobora guhabwa urupapuro rw’umutsindo ruvuye mu kigo cacu ku bijanye

N’inyigisho zo ku rwego rwo hejuru
mu gutahura imizi ya Shari’a muri Korowani

nko gutera intege uwo wese azobandanya akora igikorwa ca Kristo. Vyoba vyiza cane hamwe munyishu zawe woza urashiramwo imirongo yo muri Korowani.

  1. Ni imirongo ingahe muri Korowani itomora neza ibihano kuvy’ubugizi bwa nabi?
  2. Kuki Islamu idashobora gukuraho ibihano ku nkozi z’ibibi?
  3. Ni irihe tandukaniro hagati y’ibihano vy’aba Islamu ku nkozi z’ibibi muri rusangi n’ibihano birimwo no kuvisha amaraso?
  4. Ni ibihe bihano vyerekeye uguhungabanya umutekano?
  5. Kuki kugerageza umu Islamu ngo aveyo bifatwa nk’ikibi gisumba kwica?
  6. Ni ibihe bibi bihanishwa kubambwa muri Islamu ?
  7. Ni iyihe mirongo muri Korowani ivuga ko umugabo canke umugore wese yakoze ikibi c’ukurenga ibigo canke ubushakanyi bategerezwa kubakubita umw’umwe inkoni 100 ?
  8. Ni mu bihe bihe umusambanyi ategerezwa kwicwa ?
  9. Ni ryari umusambanyi canke umusambanyikazi bategerezwa guterwa amabuye ? 
  10. Ni mu bihe bihe gukubitwa inkoni 100 vyandikwa nk’itegeko ryo gufungwa muri Irani ?
  11. Kuki kandi ni gute Korowani idatanga ibimenyetso mu buryo butomeye igihano c’umusambanyi ?
  12. Bigenda gute iyo uwurega aterekanye ibirego vyo kwagiriza umusambanyi ?
  13. Ni abagore bangahe b’aba Islamu bakenewe kugira ngo basubirire icabona kimwe c’umugabo w’umu Islamu iyo habaye ubusambanyi ?
  14. Ni ubuhe buhungiro gusa k’umugore iyo umugabo wiwe amwagirije ubusambanyi ?
  15. Bigenda gute iyo umuntu avuze ko umwana atari uw’umu Islamu biciye mu mategeko ntashobore kuzana ivyabona bine vyemeza ivyo avuga ?
  16. Mbega kuvuga ko aba Shite bemera umubano w’igihe gito bisigura iki? (Sura al-Nisa' 4:24)
  17. Kuki Bibiliya ifata ko kugira abagore barenze umwe ari ubusambanyi harimwo no kwongera kumubano abakobwa b’abaja hambavu y’umugore yemewe n’amategeko?
  18. Kuki Yesu atahanye umugore w’umusambanyi bamuzaniye mu guca amutera amabuye ubwo nyene?
  19. Ni uwuhe murongo wo muri Korowani uvuga ko amaboko yose ategerezwa gucibwa nk’igihano co kwiba?
  20. Ni gute Shari’a ivuguruza kandi igakuraho uyu murongo mu gice ca Korowani?
  21. Ni gute abanyamategeko b’aba Islamu berekana ko ari ikigoye kwerekana igisuma?
  22. Agaciro k’ivyibwe kategerezwa kuba akahe kugira igihano ca Korowani gishirwe mu ngiro?
  23. Hakenewe ivyabona bingahe kugira bemeze uwivye ngo igisuma gihanwe?
  24. Ni gute Irani ishiraho urubibe kugihano co guca ukuboko canke ukuguru?
  25. Kuki aba Islamu benshi bavuga ko kwiba atari icaha, icaha ari ugufatwa?
  26. Ni ryari intahe y’icabona c’umukristo ataco imara canke ikankwa burundu kandi bisigura iki?
  27. Ni ikihe kintu ngenderwako mu kwihora?
  28. Kuki Muhamedi yavuze ko kwihora ubuzima bw’aba Islamu? (Sura al-Baqara 2:179)
  29. Ni gute ukwihora bifatwa nk’ivyategekanijwe muri Islamu?
  30. Kuki bibujijwe kwica umu Islamu shiti mu gihe yishe?
  31. Ni iyihe mirongo yerekana uburenganzira bw’umuntu ategerezwa kwihora?
  32. Ni irihe tandukaniro iyo uwutari umu Islamu yishwe ? Aya mabi ategerezwa guhanwa gute ?
  33. Mbega Sura al-Ma'ida 5 :45 itegeka iki kandi ni gute umuntu yohunga ukwihora yemera ?
  34. Ni ayahe mategeko y’ibihano muri Irani aboneka kuri wewe ko ari ayarenganya ?
  35. Mbega amategeko y’ibihano vy’amafaranga y’amaraso muri Islamu bisigura iki ? (Sura al-Nisa' 4,92)
  36. Mbega agaciro k’amafaranga y’amaraso k’umu Islamu akuze yaguye mw’isanganya ni akahe?
  37. Kuki agaciro k’amafaranga y’amaraso k’umugore w’umu Islamu yishwe ari ica kabiri gusa c’amafaranga y’amaraso y’umugabo w’umu Islamu yishwe?
  38. Mbega kuvuga ko amafaranga y’amaraso k’umuyuda canke umukristo ari ica gatatu gusa c’agaciro k’amafaranga y’amaraso y’umugabo w’umu Islamu bisigura iki?
  39. Ninde atanga amafaranga y’amaraso iyo uwakoze ikibi adashoboye kuyaronka?
  40. Kuki ari ikigoye k’umuganga abaga ibikomere iyo umugwayi apfuye ariko aramubaga canke akagira ingora zidahera kurico?
  41. Ni ibihe bihe kubwawe bimeze nk’ibitetereza aho ica kabiri gusa c’amafaranga y’amaraso gitegerezwa kurihwa?
  42. Ni mu bihe bihe ica gatatu gusa c’amafaranga y’amaraso ategerezwa gutangwa kubwo gukomeretsa umu Islamu?
  43. Ni gute Yesu yakuyeho itegeko ryo kwihora?
  44. Mbega twoharira abatugiriye nabi incuro zingahe?
  45. Ni gute Korowani yerekana ko kunywa vino canke ibindi biboreza bifatwa nk’ibikorwa vy’ububi naho Muhamedi ubwa mbere yemera ko vyonyobwa?
  46. Kuki umuntu avuye muri Islamu ategerezwa kwicwa naho Korowani itavuga ko yicwa?
  47. Ni ibihe bihano nyamukuru bihaba iyo umuntu avuye muri Islamu nk’uko biri muri Korowani?
  48. Ni ibihe bisabwa imbere ya vyose kugira umu Islamu yicwe?
  49. Mbega abakenyezi bavuye muri Islamu bategerezwa gufatwa gute?
  50. Ni ikihe gihano gihabwa umwana w’umu Islamu avuye mw’idini?
  51. Ni gute indyarya itegerezwa guhanwa iyo ishatse kwigira umu Islamu ngo ishike kuri zimwe mu ntumbero (nk’akarorero mu buryo bwo kwigira nkabo)?
  52. Ni irihe tandukaniro hagati y’ivyagezwe vya Mose, ivya Kristo hamwe n’ivya Muhamedi?
  53. Ni ibihe bihano bishirwa mu ngiro mu gihugu iwanyu, kumugaragaro canke binyegeje?

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