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13.1.3. Shin Kur'ani guda ɗaya ne kawai?
Da'awar tallata cewa an sami sigar Kur'ani guda ɗaya kuma ba ta da tushe a cikin shaidar tarihi. Akasin haka, abin da muka sani daga majiyoyin Musulunci tabbas shi ne cewa ba mu da “siffa ɗaya” ɗaya kawai amma a da muna da bakwai. Waɗannan nau'ikan ana kiran su "ahruf" - ko haruffan haruffa. Ba a fayyace ainihin ma’anar “ahruf” a cikin wannan mahallin ba kuma ana fassara shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban (hanyoyi, salo, bambamsin da sauransu), amma gaba xaya an yarda cewa suna nufin nau’ukan nau’ukan da ke da mabambantan abun ciki ko aqalla mabambantan jimla. Waɗannan bakwai ɗin sun bambanta sosai har wasu daga cikin sahabban Mohammed ba su ma gane su daga Kur'ani suke ba. Bukhari ya rubuta game da sabani tsakanin Umar bn al-Khattab da Hisham bin Hakim a lokacin Mohammed yana raye. Hisham yana karanta wata sura ta Alkur'ani; Umar yace:
Wadannan hanyoyi sun sha bamban har Umar ya kusa kai wa Hisham hari domin abin da yake karantawa ba shi da masaniya idan aka kwatanta da Alkur’ani da ya koya.
Bukhari ya ruwaito cewa, Mohammed ya kara tabbatar da ire-iren guda bakwai kamar yadda ya bayyana yadda mala’ika Jibrilu ya koyar da shi kowanne bi da bi.
Don haka a wani lokaci, haƙiƙa akwai juzu'in Kur'ani fiye da ɗaya waɗanda Mohammed ya amince da su. Sai dai a lokacin mulkin halifa Usman (majibi na uku ga Mohammed), bambancin karatu ya haifar da matsala a tsakanin mutane, har ya yi umarni da a tattara duk wani rubutaccen Alkur’ani ko sashensa; ya amince da sigar da ta fi kusa da yaren kabilar Mohammed, Kuraishawa, kuma ya ba da umarnin a ƙone duk sauran. An yi kwafi na wannan juzu'i guda kuma aka rarraba a cikin al'ummar musulmi. Don haka a mafi kyau ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan asali guda bakwai ya rage.
Amma a yau - duk da cewa an sami sigar guda ɗaya ta tsira a lokacin Uthman - mun sake samun bugu daban-daban. An gaya wa Musulmai waɗannan bambance-bambancen a cikin salon karatu ne kawai, amma a yawancin lokuta bambance-bambancen suna ƙara ko barin kalmomi ko canza kalmomin zuwa ma'anar kishiyar juna.
Misali, akwai karatu daban-daban guda biyu na Kur’ani 19:19. A wasu wuraren wannan ayar tana cewa:
قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِأَهَب لَكِ غُلَامًا زَكِيًّا
Sauran sigogin sun canza harafi ɗaya kuma ayar tana karanta:
قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِيَهَب لَكِ غُلَامًا زَكِيًّا
Wannan canjin harafi ɗaya kawai yana canza mai bayarwa daga mala'ika zuwa ga Allah.
Ko kuma a cikin Kur’an 30:2 muna da kalmar غُلِبَت “ghulibati,”ma’ana “an ci nasara”; a cikin wasu karatun an rubuta غَلَبَتِ “ghalabati” wanda ke nufin “an yi nasara”. Canja wasali kawai yana canza ma'ana gaba ɗaya.
Wani misali shi ne Kur’ani 40:20. Wasu karatuttukan suna da “AW An” (ma’ana: KO wancan), yayin da sauran karatun suna da “WA An” (ma’ana: DA wancan).
Akwai ƙarin irin waɗannan misalai. Don cikakkiyar tattaunawa duba Keith Small Suka Rubutu da Rubutun Kur'ani.